One primary purpose in a dose–response study for drug development is to identify the minimum effective dose (MED), which is the lowest dose level producing an effect over that of the zero-dose control. Proposed herein is a nonparametric step-down closed testing procedure for identifying the MED in a randomized block design with one or more observations per cell. The associated p-value of the id...

Anastasia S. Likhacheva1, Valeriy P. Nikolin1, Nelly A. Popova1, Vladimir A. Rogachev1, Maria A. Prokhorovich1, Tamara E. Sebeleva1, Sergei S. Bogachev1,2,*, Mikhail A. Shurdov2 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; LLC Panagen, 29 Choros-Gurkina street, Gorno-Altaisk, 649000, Russia _____________...

Pathogen aggressiveness on the host was studied as one of the influencing factors in the variability of the efficiency of biocontrol by Pantoea agglomerans. The effect of the relative dose of the pathogen and biocontrol agent (BCA) on efficacy of biocontrol was analyzed in six postharvest pathogens (Rhizopus stolonifer, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Monilinia laxa, Penicillium digitat...

The radionuclide contents and their activity concentrations in beach sand, sediment and adjacent soil samples collected from Inani sea beach, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh were determined by using a high resolution germanium detector (HPGe) of 20% relative efficiency. A total of eighteen samples of three categories were collected and analysed. The activity concentrations of Ra, Th and K in the sand s...

In order to study the heterogeneity of the metastatic and tumorigenic behaviors of malignant neoplasms, we have iso lated a series of cloned cell lines from a primary nickel-induced rat rhabdomyosarcoma. The growth characteristics in vitro and in vivo and metastatic capacity following s.c. or i.v. injection of cells were compared to those of the parental cell line. Differ ences between the clon...

Identifying the “right” dose is one of the most critical and difficult steps in the clinical development process of any medicinal drug. Its importance cannot be understated: selecting too high a dose can result in unacceptable toxicity and associated safety problems, while choosing too low a dose leads to smaller chances of showing sufficient efficacy in confirmatory trials, thus reducing the c...

Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), served as the vital concept for standard measure of potency for inhaled volatile anesthetic agents, has been employed in anesthetic practice for more than 50 years. A re-consideration in the connotation and influence factors on MAC is introduced in this article. MAC actually indicates “median effective dose (ED50) for immobility”, but it is at least not com...

After the Chernobyl accident of 26 April, 1986, population dose assessment favours the view that the radiation risk of population effected by the early fallout would be different from that in regions contaminated later. Taking into account the short half-time of the most important radioactive iodine isotopes, thyroid disorders would be expected mainly to follow the early fallout distribution. A...

The naturally occurring primordial radionuclides in coals might exhibit high radioactivity, and can be exported to the surrounding environment during coal combustion. In this study, nine coal samples were collected from eastern Yunnan coal deposits, China, aiming at characterizing the overall radioactivity of some typical nuclides (i.e., 40K, 238U, 232Th, 226Ra) and assessing their ecological i...