The aim of the present study was to examine the association between maternal Hb levels during pregnancy and educational achievement of the offspring in later life. We analysed data obtained from the Northern Finnish Birth Cohort Study conducted in 1966, in which, data on mothers and offspring from pregnancy through to the age of 31 years were collected. The cohort comprised 11 656 individuals b...

Background In modern education, physical space is considered as a dynamic factor in students' educational activities. This study was conducted to investigating the impact of lighting educational spaces on learning and academic achievement of elementary students. Materials and Methods At a cross-sectional study (2015-2016), a total of 210 students were selected randomly as sample of study. Clust...

(Editor’s*note:*See*full*text*for*reference* citations.)* ! This!study!emerged!out!of!a!desire!to!un2 derstand!how!educational!technology!can!not! only!promote!academic!achievement,!but!also! improve!other!social!problems!through!its! impact!on!education.!Prior!research!has! shown!that!schools!are!powerful!socializing! agents,!and!that!educational!media!and!tech2 nology,!namely!television,!can!...

It is argued that the ambitious programme ‘Education for All’, launched by UNESCO, could be seriously undermined by its reliance upon the achievement of numerical ‘targets’. Evidence from existing attempts by countries to impose educational targets reveals undesirable side effects and distortions of educational systems. The paper explores some of the possible consequences of UNESCO’s adherence ...

The time is now ripe for the development of broad standards of educational content of postgraduate work, standards that will emphasize objectives and stimulate higher achievement without inhibiting widespread experimentation with means and methods. To make this postgraduate work most effective and of good educational content, it should be considered as a continuation of undergraduate and gradua...

This paper reviews some of the methodological issues surrounding international studies of comparative educational achievement. It is argued that many of the claims made for these studies are unjustified and that their use for guiding educational policy is limited, especially because they lack longitudinal data on students.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Originally presented in R. L. Linn (Chair), Effects of High-Stakes Educational Testing on Instruction and Achievement, symposium presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association and the National Council on Measurement in Education, Chicago, April 5, 1991. This paper...

Improving student achievement is vital for our nation’s competitiveness. Scientific research shows how the physical classroom environment influences student achievement. Two findings are key: First, the building’s structural facilities profoundly influence learning. Inadequate lighting, noise, low air quality, and deficient heating in the classroom are significantly related to worse student ach...