Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising technique for preserving user privacy and ensuring data security in distributed machine contexts, particularly edge intelligence caching applications. Recognizing the prevalent challenges of imbalanced noisy impacting scalability resilience, our study introduces two innovative algorithms crafted FL within peer-to-peer framework. These aim to en...

the $k$-th semi total point graph $r^k(g)$ of a graph $g$, is a graph obtained from $g$ by adding $k$ vertices corresponding to each edge and connecting them to endpoint of edge considered. in this paper, we obtain formulae for the resistance distance and kirchhoff index of $r^k(g)$.

A graph $Gamma$ is said to be vertex-transitive or edge‎- ‎transitive‎ ‎if the automorphism group of $Gamma$ acts transitively on $V(Gamma)$ or $E(Gamma)$‎, ‎respectively‎. ‎Let $Gamma=Cay(G,S)$ be a Cayley graph on $G$ relative to $S$‎. ‎Then, $Gamma$ is said to be normal edge-transitive‎, ‎if $N_{Aut(Gamma)}(G)$ acts transitively on edges‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎the eigenvalues of normal edge-tra...