the concepts of democracy have been around for centuries in different fields of human sciences. however, in most of these fields the idealistic and far-fetched features attributed to democracy have not been manipulated yet. it should be mentioned that there have been only a few serious attempts to find proper go-between elements, which could make such a concept as comprehensible and tangible as...

Aging is reviewed by a variety of disciplines; demographers, sociologists, economists, health scientists, and politicians. However, there are still great disputes over aging because of its economic roles, and health expenditures. Several questions about aging should be answered. Is aging an illness? Are aged people a burden to community? Is it a threat, or an achievement? (1). There are opposi...

in almost all countries around the world (developed as well as developing countries) the public sector economics has been growing very rapidly and caused the share of government expenditures in gdp to rise over time. although in recent years, especially from the end of 1980, for different reasons especially privatization the trend of public sector growth has been slowed, but the factors behindt...

This article starts by summarising the history of socially-engaged research on disadvantaged groups, pointing out that many social methods currently in use field originated outside academy, carried protagonists with a mission to draw attention injustices and bring about change. It then discusses often-problematic relationship between researchers people whose working lives they research, especia...

Latino youth in a low-income urban community are at high risk of exposure to violence. Given an accumulation of factors before, during, and following migration, immigrant youth may be at increased risk of exposure to violence and other relevant stressors (e.g., acculturation stress, language proficiency, acculturation/enculturation, and parental separations). Utilizing a short-term longitudinal...

Emerging trends in smartphones, online maps, social media, and the resulting geo-located data, provide opportunities to collect traces of people’s socio-economical activities in a much more granular and direct fashion, triggering a revolution in empirical research. These vast mobile data offer new perspectives and approaches for measurements of economic dynamics and are broadening the research ...