This research examines the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices on Pakistan's stock market volatility. Particularly, we examine impact index for Pakistan and bilateral global trading partner countries, US, China, UK. We employ GARCH-MIDAS model combination forecast approach to evaluate performance indices. The empirical findings show that US is a more powerful predictor In additi...

In this paper we analyse the impact of institutional uncertainty on vertical foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies. We also consider the impact of economic integration upon FDI decisions. The paper follows the real options approach, which allows investigating the value to a firm of waiting to invest and/or disinvest, when payoffs are stochastic due to institutional uncertainty and investme...

Push back design as a complex task, is one of the major steps in the open pit mines planning. Push backs can be generated by varying economic factors such as commodity price, mining cost, processing cost, etc. Another important issue in generating push backs is grade uncertainty, which can cause the problem be more complex. Conventional methods of push back design ignore grade uncertainty. To o...