This paper presents a layout extraction and veri cation methodology which targets reliability-driven I/O design for CMOS VLSI chip, speci cally to guard against electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress and latchup. We propose a new device extraction approach to identify devices commonly used in CMOS I/O circuits including MOS transistors, eld transistors, di usion and well resistors, diodes and sil...

Background and study aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced endoscopic technique that allows en-bloc resection of gastrointestinal tumor. We systematically review the medical literature in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of colorectal ESD. Patients and methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, CINAHL, and Cochrane for studie...

The problem to be addressed in this paper is a phase-modulated waveform design for the detection of extended targets contaminated by signal-dependent noise (clutter) and additive noise in practical radar systems. An optimal waveform design method that leads to the energy spectral density (ESD) of signal under the maximum signal-to-clutter-and-noise ratio (SCNR) criterion is introduced first. In...

Abstract Design and craft education, like that of the Swedish school subject, Sloyd, has great potential for Education Sustainable Development (ESD). With so many possibilities, it is relevant to investigate what teachers teach about sustainability, how. Therefore, aim this article examine Sloyd express they do as educate sustainability in design education (Grades 3–9). This guided by two resea...

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been established as one of the treatment options for selected cases of early gastric cancer (EGC). It is generally agreed that lesions within absolute indications (AI)—so-called " conventional indications " in Korea...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective but time-consuming treatment for early neoplasia that requires a high level of expertise. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and learning curve of gastric ESD with a hybrid knife with high pressure water jet and to compare with standard ESD. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a prospective non sur...

Purpose Problem-based learning (PBL) has been suggested as an approach to education for sustainable development (ESD); however, the integration of interdisciplinarity is continuously challenged it requires transfer and collaboration across disciplinary boundaries, well into often already-overflowing curriculum. Even in formalized PBL universities emphasizing student responsibility defining rele...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS One of the challenges in performing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the lack of counter traction during submucosal dissection. MASTER (Master and Slave Transluminal Endoscopic Robot) was designed to allow performance of complex endoluminal procedures using two arms with excellent control. This study aimed to compare the performance of ESD between endoscopists...

Introduction: In digital radiography, radiographers tend to increase exposure factors to acquire an acceptable image quality thereby increasing radiation dose to patients.  Regarding this, the present study aimed to re-evaluate the exposure parameters and to ascertain the entrance surface dose (ESD) and effective dose (ED) of posterior-anterior (PA) chest, abdomen, and anterior-posterior (AP) l...