This study examines the impact of sanctions on Russian firms and strategies these adopt to counter effects targeted sanctions. We utilize institutional theory explain how shape their strategic responses as they balance pressures from home environment vis-à-vis sanctioning countries. gather longitudinal data that faced foreign start invasion Crimea in 2014 until 2020. Our empirical analyses indi...

POLITICAL science has made valuable contributions to the progressive clarification of the concept of power since World War II. In view of the attention political scientists have traditionally lavished on the concept of power, it seems fitting that they should help clarify it. Thanks to the efforts of such men as Harold Lasswell and Robert Dahl, many political scientists today are keenly aware o...

The European conquest and absorption of native American Indian groups obviously produced tremendous changes in the way Indians live and interact with one another. One very important source of change in Indian life was the changes in the rules and institutions of Indian law. Few Indian groups had any sort of strong central legal authority before Europeans began to exert various types of influenc...

The past 18 months have witnessed considerable turmoil in countries of the MENA region. The Syrian Arab Republic (SAR) is one such country, currently in the midst of a civil war. This report draws attention to some of the recent achievements of its health services, where, despite a dearth of published materials, the country achieved remarkable declines in maternal mortality and infant mortality...

1 Since 2009, the UK witnessed marked increases in the rate of sanctions applied to 2 unemployment insurance claimants, as part of wider agenda of austerity and welfare 3 reform. In 2013, over 1 million sanctions were applied, stopping benefit payments for 4 a minimum of four weeks and potentially leaving people facing economic hardship 5 and driving them to use food banks. Here we explore whet...

threat to use military force against iran has been repeated by us. these threats have been along with increasing sanctions and embargo against iran. the question we address in this paper is: what is the impact of on military threats against iran on effectiveness of sanctions and embargo against it? we will examine this hypothesis: in situation of global economy, transforming of military option ...

BACKGROUND The U.S Congress initiated sanctions against Iran after the 1979 U.S. Embassy hostage crisis in Tehran, and since then the scope of multilateral sanctions imposed by the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations Security Council have progressively expanded throughout the intervening years. Though primarily targeted at Iran's nuclear proliferation activities, sanctions...

This article surveys the theory of the public enforcement of law — the use of public agents (inspectors, tax auditors, police, prosecutors) to detect and to sanction violators of legal rules. We first present the basic elements of the theory, focusing on the probability of imposition of sanctions, the magnitude and form of sanctions, and the rule of liability. We then examine a variety of exten...