This paper investigates the importance of political ideology and opportunism in the choice of the tax structure. In particular, we examine the effects of cabinet ideology and elections on the distribution of the tax burden across factors of production and consumption for 21 OECD countries over the period 1970-2000 by employing four alternative cabinet ideology measures and by using the methodol...

This paper explores the relationship between globalization, competition, competition policy and competitiveness. It is important to note that although these notions are related, they are conceptually different. This paper contributes by providing a theoretical framework for the main issues which arise in the modern discussion of competition and competition policies in economic development. It a...

Monetary policy-makers face a difficult task when evaluating the current state of the economy and deciding what actions are needed to achieve their objectives, such as keeping inflation within a given range. Because long and variable lags exist between a monetary policy action and its effects on economic variables, policy-makers need a way to assess whether their actions are having, or indeed w...

The Economy of Iran faces many challenges and is predicted to have a negative growth of 1.3 percent, unemployment of above 13 percent, and a wild inflation rate of 27.2 percent in 2013. Various external conditions and bad economic planning have contributed to Iran’s current economic difficulties. To transform the Economy of Iran, the 5th Five-year Development Plan (FYDP) and the 20-year vi...

abstract main objective of this paper is to evaluate supportive policies of beef producers during the first, second, third and fourth terms of economic, social, and cultural development plans (1989 - 2008).to evaluate the policies, the producers support estimate(pse) index and other indicators (pse %, npc & nac) were used. furthermore, percentages of pse were calculated in different scenarios o...

A greater focus on the role of health systems in health, development, and economic growth has led health policy research and analysis, domestic and global, to scrutinize health financing, insurance, and financial protection. Two World Health Reports (2000 and 2010) [1,2] have called for evaluating health system performance in terms of health financing, and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ...

The conduct of monetary policy in an oil economy with a managed floating exchange rate regime can be challenging in an environment of fiscal dominance and incomplete transition to a market economy. The Five-Year Development Plans provide a natural benchmark against which to assess monetary policy performance in Iran. Price stability has proved elusive, with liquidity growth targets constan...

The basic structure of a CGE model dividing Mainland China into two parts, including Chongqing and rest regions, is described. Based on this CGE model, both the unilateral impact and collaborative impact of two policies, agricultural technical progress and supporting policies for improving rural labor transfer on the economic development in Chongqing, are simulated and analyzed. The results dem...

Like other developing countries, Iranian cities are growing and expanding physically at a high speed. For about five decades, the only policy of the urban development plans in the field of urban growth management has been definition of the Urban Growth Boundary (U.G.B.) which is still used without any major modifications.Despite the slight evidences indicating the ineffectiveness of the current...