Treatment Therapy of phimosis in children is dependent on parents’ preferences and can be plastic or radical circumcision after completion of the second year of life. In case of complicating findings, such as recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or ballooning of the foreskin during micturition, circumcision should be performed without delay regardless of the patient’s age. Routine neonatal...

CONTEXT The European Association of Urology (EAU) Trauma Guidelines Panel presents an updated iatrogenic trauma section of their guidelines. Iatrogenic injuries are known complications of surgery to the urinary tract. Timely and adequate intervention is key to their management. OBJECTIVE To assess the optimal evaluation and management of iatrogenic injuries and present an update of the iatrog...

CONTEXT Penile curvature can be congenital or acquired. Acquired curvature is secondary due to La Peyronie (Peyronie's) disease. OBJECTIVE To provide clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of penile curvature. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic literature search on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of penile curvature was performed. Articles with the highest evidence ava...

Pain is the most common symptom of any illness; the physician's therapeutic task is twofold: to discover and treat the cause of pain and the pain itself, whether or not the underlying cause is treatable, to provide relief and reduce the suffering caused by pain. Although we use the term of pain to define all sensations that hurt or are unpleasant, actually two quite different kinds of pain exis...

CONTEXT These guidelines were prepared on behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU) to assist urologists in the management of traumatic urethral injuries. OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal evaluation and management of urethral injuries by review of the world's literature on the subject. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A working group of experts on Urological Trauma was convened to review an...

CONTEXT The European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines Office has set up a guideline working panel to analyse the scientific evidence published in the world literature on lasers in urologic practice. OBJECTIVE Review the physical background and physiologic and technical aspects of the use of lasers in urology, as well as current clinical results from these new and evolving technologies,...

ni les races, ni les générations, ni les frontières conventionnelles déterminant les limites géographiques de chaque continent et pays ne peuvent arrêter le pouvoir extensif des symbolisations différentes, dont les prémices naissent d’une imagination profonde et fertile. le symbole reste toujours au seuil d’un univers très différent de ce que l’on reçoit des réalités quotidiennes et visibles ; ...

BACKGROUND Recent reports show that gene therapy may provide a long-term, safe and effective intervention for human diseases. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) based human interferon-alpha (hIFN-α) gene therapy in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a classic model for human uveitis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An AAV2 vector harbo...