The study of compliments has attracted the attention of many scholars (e.g., Goffman 1971; Lakoff 1973; Brown and Levinson 1978; Amouzadeh 2001; Golato 2002; Sharifian 2005) and has become a major issue in the area of interactional sociolinguistics. To date, many models of politeness have been put forward in the literature. In this study, Brown and Levinson’s (1978, 1987) politeness model was u...

Abstract The mystical method of taḥqīq (‘realization’ or ‘verification’ divine truth), as promoted by the Andalusian thinker Ibn ‘Arabi (d. 1240), was central to project managing religious difference in Mughal empire. key architect deploying for imperial purposes emperor Akbar's senior minister, ideologue, and spiritual devotee, Abu al-Fazl. Specifically, I analyse how concept appears al-Fazl's...

an act and a subject of discourse, in the early and late modern periods. It argues that, while publications on the theme have increased considerably in the past two decades, the problematic character of the evidence for suicide has led to afocus on attitudes to suicide at the expense of empirical investigations. The latter have largely confirmed the link between social isolation and suicide, po...

emerging of the industrial revolution caused the dominance of machine in man`s life. at the beginning, man was fascinated by machine; by its order, automation, and its efficiency. then he tried to adapt this mechanistic order to his life and create a completely ordered, clean and predictable environment. thus modern urbanism appeared. in comparison with dark, airless and contaminated industrial...

Linguistic factors played a significant role in the origin and spread of accusations of witchcraft in Early Modern Spain. The preoccupation with witches’ words is at its root a preoccupation about the power of speech and, to a great extent, of female speech. Studies in some Early European countries have connected aggressive female speech styles with accusations of witchcraft, and this article o...