Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is typically initiated by CD4(+) T helper cell type 1 (Th1) autoreactivity directed against a single priming immunodominant myelin peptide determinant. Recent studies have shown that clinical progression of EAE involves the accumulation of neo-autoreactivity, commonly referred to as ep...

A number of Ag-specific approaches have been developed that ameliorate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. Translation to humans, however, remains a consideration, justifying the search for more insight into the mechanism underlying restoration of self-tolerance. Ig-proteolipid protein (PLP) 1 and Ig-myelin oligoden...

Myelinated fibres are characterized by the aggregation of Nav1.6 sodium channels within the axon membrane at nodes of Ranvier, where their presence supports saltatory conduction. In this study, we used immunocytochemical methods to study the organization of sodium channels along axons in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis. We studied axons within the op...

background: it has been reported that vitamin d has broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. objective: to evaluate the effects of vitamin d on the expression of il-27 and il-33 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). methods: eae was induced in c57bl/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein mixed with complete freund's adjuvant. ...

Breakdown in immunological self tolerance, leading to autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, might arise from immune recognition of self proteins that have undergone heightened posttranslational modification under pathophysiological conditions. A posttranslational modification of particular interest is the deimination of Arg to citrulline, catalyzed by peptidylarginyl deiminase (PAD) e...

OBJECTIVES The intestinal microflora affects the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases by influencing immune system function. Some bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, have been reported to have beneficial effects on immune function. However, little is known about the effects of yeasts. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of various dietary yeasts contained in fermented foods on ...

Extracellular adenosine has an important role in regulating the severity of inflammation during an immune response. Although there are four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, the A2AAR is both highly expressed on lymphocytes and known as a prime mediator of adenosine's anti-inflammatory effects. To define the importance of A2AAR signaling during neuroinflammatory disease progression, we used the...

CD73 is a cell surface enzyme of the purine catabolic pathway that catalyzes the breakdown of AMP to adenosine. Because of the strong immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory properties of adenosine, we predicted that cd73(-/-) mice would develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease, multiple sclerosis. S...

OBJECTIVES Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease validated as animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Administration of genistein, a phytoestrogenic component of soy, to mice at the onset of EAE is known to attenuate the clinical signs of the disease. The potential effects of genistein on established EAE is less studied. In the current study, we aimed to compar...

BACKGROUND: Toxocara canis is the most prevalent intestinal roundworm of canid species. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effects of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens (TcES Ag) on modulating the immune system in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. METHODS: Adult worms of T.canis were collected from dogs to obtain excretory-secretory antigens. Female C57BL/6 ...