Study Design: Laboratory investigation. Objectives: To determine and compare the ability of cellular mechanical stimulation to enhance the production of osteogenic precursor cells (OPCs) from osteoporotic bone relative to stimulation with chemical factors. Summary of Background Data: Abnormalities in the number and function of bone-forming osteoblasts play a central role in the pathophysiologic...

Increasing fiscal deficits raise the possibility that many advanced economies will reach a state at which taxes and spending can no longer adjust to stabilize debt, which eventually leads governments to implement “unpleasant” fiscal austerity measures. In this paper, we study the macroeconomic and welfare effects of reducing government debt. We formulate a dynamic general equilibrium, overlappi...

â  monetary policy rule is an approach to avoid time inconsistency problem as regarded by new classical economist to choose a time plan for policy making in order to maximize households’ well-being. the foundation of time inconsistency problem is not coincidence of expectations as an ex-ante variable, which is expected variable, with actual variable as an ex-post variable. expectations in fin...

Monetary policy rule is an approach to avoid time inconsistency problem as regarded by new classical economist to choose a time plan for policy making in order to maximize households’ well-being. The foundation of time inconsistency problem is not coincidence of expectations as an ex-ante variable, which is expected variable, with actual variable as an ex-post variable. Expectations in Finn K...

 Governments attempt to achieve the goals of low inflation rate and sustainable economic growth rate. The objective of this study is to analyze the roles of determinants such as the liquidity of money, weighted average of interest (profit) rate on banking deposits, exchange rate and the public debt on inflation and economic growth in Iran, using the quarterly data during the period of 1989-2008...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: JEL classification: E32 E52 E62 E63 Keywords: Optimal simple policy rules Timeless perspective optimal policy Monetary polic...

Using an estimated DSGE model that features monetary and fiscal policy interactions and allows for equilibrium indeterminacy, we find that a passive monetary and passive fiscal policy regime prevailed in the pre-Volcker period while an active monetary and passive fiscal policy regime prevailed post-Volcker. Since both monetary and fiscal policies were passive pre-Volcker, there was equilibrium ...

Monetary and …scal policies interact in many ways. Recently, the stance of …scal policy in a number of countries (including the EU and US) has raised concerns about risks for the outcomes of monetary policy. Our paper …rst shows that these concerns are justi…ed since under an ‘ambitious’…scal policymaker in‡ation bias and lack of monetary policy credibility may obtain in equilibrium even if the...

We read the article by Ma CF et al. with great interest.1Ma C.F. Luo H. Leung S.F. al.Impact of community mental health services on adult psychiatric admission through emergency unit: a 20-year population-based study.Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023; 100814https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100814Summary Full Text PDF Scopus (0) Google Scholar In this study, patients severe disorders (SPD) b...