Insect pests represent a major threat to food crops and human health, therefore have be combated in several ways, including chemical methods. However, researchers demonstrated that these molecules are dangerous for the farmers, consumers environment general. For this reason, scientists permanently searched friendly alternatives such as use of bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis classified one best...

Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis are commonly found in avocado and persimmon orchards in northern Parana state. However, their abundance depends on whether insecticides are used or not to control the key lepidopteran pests Stenoma catenifer (Wals.) (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) and Hypocala andremona (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), respectively. The aim of ...

Corn (Zea mays L.) is cultivated in large areas and considered one of the world’s major cereal crops. There are several arthropod pests that can reduce its production such as the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lep.: Noctuidae), which is considered to be the main pest for corn. Fall armyworm is primarily controlled by insecticides. The use of biological control agents to mana...

ABSTRACT: We evaluated under field conditions the toxicity of insecticides previously identified as harmful in laboratory and semifield bioassays on parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The experiments were conducted during 2019/20 2020/21 harvests rice fields. Following recommendations International Organization for Biological Integrated Control (IOBC), four appl...