INTRODUCTION Daylight saving time (DST), implemented as an energy saving policy, impacts many other aspects of life; one is road safety. Based on vehicle crash data in Minnesota from 2001 to 2007, this paper evaluates long- and short-term effects of DST on daily vehicle crashes. METHOD To provide evidence to explain the causes of more/fewer crashes in DST, we examine the impact of DST on cras...

BACKGROUND Performance characteristics of novel rapid drug susceptibility tests (DST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis may change when moving from research to implementation in actual public health practice. We describe the performance characteristics of a direct, rapid DST when implemented in Lima, Peru. METHODS A district laboratory validated conventional proportions and nitrate reductase met...

In 2004, routine use of culture and drug-susceptibility testing (DST) was implemented for persons in 5 Thailand provinces with a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). To determine if DST results were being used to guide treatment, we conducted a retrospective chart review for patients with rifampin-resistant or multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB during 2004-2008. A total of 208 patients were identified. Me...

In this paper principles of extended Kalman filtering theory is developed and applied to simulated on-line electric power systems state estimation in order to trace the operating condition changes through the redundant and noisy measurements. Test results on IEEE 14 - bus test system are included. Three case systems are tried; through the comparing of their results, it is concluded that the pro...

Neutralization of external stimuli in dynamic systems has the major role in health, life, and function of the system. Today, dynamic systems are exposed to unpredicted factors. If the factors are not considered, it will lead to irreparable damages in energy consumption and manufacturing systems. Continuous systems such as beams, plates, shells, and panels that have many applications in differen...

[1] A low-dimensional, plasma physics-based, nonlinear dynamical model of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system, called Real-Time Solar Wind Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System (WINDMI), is used to predict AL and Dst values approximately 1 h before geomagnetic substorm and storm event. Subsequently, every 10 min ground-based measurements compiled by World Data Center, Kyoto, are compared with...

Duopoly game theory is applied to the wood industrial markets (sawnwood and pulpwood markets) in the North of Iran. The Nash equilibrium and the dynamic properties of the system based on marginal adjustments are determined. The probability that the Nash equilibrium will be reached is almost zero. The dynamical properties of sawnwood and pulpwood prices derived via the duopoly game model are fou...

I T IS KNOWN that donor-specific transfusion (DST) enhances graft survival in clinical transplantation. However, efforts using xenogeneic DST to improve xenograft survival have resulted in hyperacute rejection (HAR) even in the presence of conventional immunosuppression. 1 In this study. we tested the effect of DST combined with FK 506 on survival of hamster-to-rat liver xenografts. L VG hamste...

Directed Steiner problems are fundamental problems in Combinatorial Optimization and Theoretical Computer Science. An important problem in this genre is the k-edge connected directed Steiner tree (k-DST) problem. In this problem, we are given a directed graph G on n vertices with edge-costs, a root vertex r, a set of h terminals T and an integer k. The goal is to find a min-cost subgraph H ⊆ G ...

According to the diagnostic criteria for adrenal preclinical Cushing's syndrome (PreCS) established by a group headed by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW), low- and high-dose dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) must be performed to prove autonomous cortisol secretion, i.e., > or =3 microg/dL serum cortisol following 1-mg DST administration, and > or =1 microg/dL serum cortisol...