Fine particle concentration (i.e., particles <2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5), but not coarse particle concentration, was associated with increased mortality in six U.S. cities. Others criticized this result, arguing that it could result from differences in measurement error between the two size ranges. Fine particles are primarily from combustion of fossil fuel, whereras coarse part...

The dust-bathing behavior of Lohmann Selected Leghorn hens was compared in 4 enriched colony housing systems and in an aviary system. The enriched colony housing systems differed especially in the alignment and division of the functional areas dust bath, nest, and perches. Forty-eight-hour video recordings were performed at 3 time-points during the laying period, and focal animal sampling and b...

The occurrence of Asian dust storms, and the subsequent transport of yellow dust (YD) greatly influences the air quality of lee-side countries such as Korea and Japan. The dust is also frequently transported in a southward direction by a strong cold high-pressure system that affects the air quality in Taiwan. This study reports the aerosol properties that were monitored continuously at the Taiw...

Methods: A total of 30 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups including one non-exposure group and two groups of combined cigarette smoke and coal dust. Dose of cigarette smoking was one cigarette per day. Dose of coal dust exposure was 12.5 mg/m one hour/day as PM10. Cigarette smoke was exposed prior to coal dust exposure (14 and 28 days). Exposure was done by equipment avail...

Asthma increased dramatically in the last decades of the 20th century and is representative of chronic diseases that have been linked to altered microbial exposure and immune responses. Here we evaluate the effects of environmental exposures typically associated with asthma protection or risk on the microbial community structure of household dust (dogs, cats, and day care). PCR-denaturing gradi...

Four groups of rats were treated by inhalation with the UICC preparations of amosite or chrysotile in order to explore the effects of intermittent high dust concentrations (peak dosing). For each of the 2 asbestos types one group of rats was treated for 5 days each week, 7 h a day, for 1 year. Two other groups were treated with amosite or chrysotile at 5 times the previous dose for 1 day each w...

This study was conducted to assess various environmental exposure measurements (total dust, ammonia and endotoxin) of poultry workers at the province of Isfahan, Iran. The results show that the workers who worked in enclosed systems of parent stock barns have the highest exposure to total and respirable dust: 21.3 +/- 3.2 and 4.6 +/- 0.9 mg/m3, respectively. In comparison with different ages of...

In a previous study assessing respiratory symptoms in individuals employed in wool textile mills in the north of England relations between symptoms of chronic bronchitis, breathlessness and wheeze, and rhinitis and current exposure to airborne mass concentration of dust were shown. As preliminary steps in defining the potential hazard associated with dust from the air of wool mills the ability ...

Atmospheric dusts are an important part of the global climate system, and play an important role in the marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles of major and trace nutrient elements. A peat bog record of atmospheric deposition shows considerable variation in dust deposition during the past 15 k.y., with abrupt changes in fl uxes at 12, 9.2, 8.4, 7.2, and 6 cal. kyr B.P. Using Nd isotopes an...

Dust aerosols are an important component of the climate system and a challenge to incorporate into weather and climate models. Information on the location and magnitude of dust emission remains a key information gap to inform model development. Inadequate surface observations ensure that satellite data remain the primary source of this information over extensive and remote desert regions. Here,...