We generate space-time coupled attosecond pulse trains with a 1.8 μm wavelength laser pulse using the ‘attosecond lighthouse’ technique. We show low divergence, spatially well-separated beamlets from low ionization potential gas media. We also find that there is little long trajectory contribution—only the short trajectory contribution is clearly visible for any beamlet. These results open a ne...

This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

In MRI, a trade-off exists between resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, since different fractions of the available scan time can be used to acquire data at higher spatial frequencies and to perform signal averaging. By comparing a wide variety of 3D isotropic MR scans with different combinations of SNR, resolution, and scan duration, the impact of this trade-off on the image information conten...

Background: Advances in medical science and nursing care today have led to the survival of preterm infants. Therefore, it is important to address methods to reduce the duration of hospitalization of preterm infants. Aim of the systematic review on the efficacy of aromatherapy on reducing the duration of hospitalization of preterm infants. Materials an...

according to the recent literature, the expansion of intra-industry trade increases the intra-industrial excess job reallocation. based on lovely and nelson (2002), this study examined the hypothesis that marginal intra-industry trade has a positive effect on the excess job reallocation in iranian industries. therefore, we have employed a panel technique for iranian manufacturing industries at ...

In the cochlea of the mustached bat, cochlear resonance produces extremely sharp frequency tuning to the dominant frequency of the echolocation calls, around 61 kHz. Such high frequency resolution in the cochlea is accomplished at the expense of losing temporal resolution because of cochlear ringing, an effect that is observable not only in the cochlea but also in the cochlear nucleus. In the m...

This paper investigates the relationship between intra-industry trade (IIT) and immigration flows using a gravity model for the period 2000-2010 between Portugal and European Union’s Member States (EU-27). The present study uses the methodology of Kandogan (2003) for separating IIT into its components horizontal (HIIT) and vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT).Using a panel data approach, our st...

the least developed and developing countries constitute two third of the members the world trade organizations (wto). these groups of countries have different views and concerns on international trade issues. as far as development is concerned, they have different needs and their economic system is often weak and fragile and therefore, they need extra protection. the wto agreements contain spec...

abstract the objective of this study is to investigate the long run and short run interactions between agricultural trade liberalization and shares of the two sectors of agriculture and services in the total export and import products and services of iran during the years 1961-2008. to figure out interactions, the vector correction model was used. the ratio of the sum of imports and exports to ...

background negotiations surrounding the trans-pacific partnership (tpp) trade and investment agreement have recently concluded. although trade and investment agreements, part of a broader shift to global economic integration, have been argued to be vital to improved economic growth, health, and general welfare, these agreements have increasingly come under scrutiny for their direct and indirect...