The case of a 65 year old man is presented. He had a history of dyspepsia and was diagnosed as neurofibromatosis clinically. Upper G.I. endoscopy showed thickened folds in duodenum. A polyp was seen at the junction of D1 and D2 adjacent to the ampulla. Duodenal biopsy results were suggestive of ganglioneuroma.

Two patients, having undergone an apparently straightforward endoscopy with small bowel biopsy, developed a perforation. One, who proved to have normal small bowel mucosa, needed laparotomy and suturing of the duodenal perforation. The other, who had coeliac disease, settled with conservative management.

We present a case of 3-year-old boy who presented with vomiting and chronic diarrhoea, and the duodenal biopsy showed the presence of both Giardia and Sarcina. The clinical and pathological significance of Sarcina remains unknown in human beings and its co-existence with Giardia has not been reported.

BACKGROUND Celiac disease is one of the most common dietary-mediated inflammatory enteropathies that occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to gluten intolerance. This disorder has become more common than in the past, even if it frequently remains undetected for long periods of time. The screening of patients with dyspepsia, a symptom that can be a manifestation of celiac dise...

We report the case of a two-year-five-month-old child who underwent screening for celiac disease due to strong familiarity. During the first observation body weight and height were at 25th and 50th centile for gender and age. Physical examination did not reveal any sign of disease. Blood tests showed increased transaminases levels and antibodies research showed: tTG IgA: 100 UI/ml, tTG IgG: 36,...

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori elicited IL1B is one of the various modulators responsible for perturbation of acid secretion in gut. We have earlier reported that IL1B activated NFkB downregulates gastrin, a major modulator of acid secretion. However, we hypothesized that regulation of gastrin by IL1B would depend on the cell's ability to integrate inputs from multiple signaling pathways to gen...