During the culling of elephants (Loxodonta africana) at five sites in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, a total of 682 Culicoides of five species of the subgenus Avaritia were found live either behind the ears of elephants or attracted to the freshly disembowelled intestinal dung of elephants. The species are Culicoides tororoensis Khamala & Kettle, 1971; C. kanagai Khamala & Kettle, 1971...

Taphonomy is the study of many variables involving decomposition, preservation, dispersal, erosion, burial or exposition of dead organisms. Forensic Taphonomy examines how biotic or abiotic variables can change evidences in legal investigations. Many insects are closely associated with decomposition processes. The scavenger dung-beetle, Coprophanaeus lancifer (Linnaeus, 1767), may be important ...

The main objects of this paper are the graded automorphisms of w x polytopal semigroup rings, i.e., semigroup rings k S where k is a field P Ž and S is the semigroup associated with a lattice polytope P Bruns, P w x. w x Gubeladze, and Trung BGT . The generators of k S correspond bijecP tively to the lattice points in P, and their relations are the binomials representing the affine dependencies...

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Biodiversity drives ecological functioning, ultimately providing ecosystem services. Ecosystem processes are favored by greater functional diversity, particularly when groups of functionally different species interact synergistically. Many such functions performed insects, among which dung beetles stand out for their important role in decomposition. However, anthropogenic disturbances negativel...

We design a protocol for two autonomous negotiating agents to incorporate Dung-style argumentation into an ongoing bargaining dialogue. Previous approaches considered bargaining and Dung-Style Argumentation as separated components, we show that intertwining these approaches increases the agents scope of action. In our framework the acceptance of an argument or attack uttered by self-interested ...