Comisión Honoraria de Lucha Antituberculosa y Enfermedades Prevalentes, Montevideo, Unidad de Biologı́a Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, and Departamento de Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. INSERM U1019-CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, Fr...

The incidence of whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis in many developed countries has risen dramatically in recent years. This has been linked to the use of an acellular pertussis vaccine. In addition, it is thought that B. pertussis is adapting under acellular vaccine mediated immune selection pressure, towards vaccine escape. Genomics-based approaches have revolutionized the ability ...

BACKGROUND During an infectious disease outbreak, it is critical to learn as much as possible about the concerns, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the public. Such information can be crucial to the improvement of communication efforts by public health officials and clinicians. The aim of this study was to identify awareness, attitudes, and practices related to influenza A (H1N1) among the ...

A strain of swine influenza has been observed to change from a condition of full contagiousness, in which both H. influenzae suis and the swine influenza virus were transferred by pen contact, to one of only partial contagiousness, in which the virus alone was transferred, resulting in the mild filtrate disease instead of swine influenza in animals infected by contact. Swine that had been exper...

Circulation of influenza strains in the military has been responsible for clusters of illness among military personnel in the United States and remote areas where they operate, although not usually associated with a high degree of morbidity [1,2]. During the latest 5-year period (2007-2012) for which there is published data by the AFHSC, influenza was found to be responsible for as many as 7,00...

Dantrolene is effective in the management of malignant hyperpyrexia. Due to the similarities of malignant hyperpyrexia and heat stroke, we have investigated the effect of dantrolene on heat stroke in sheep. Our study indicates that dantrolene pretreatment decreases the extent of heat stroke signs and some of the induced changes in enzymes and hormones. These results indicate that dantrolene may...

Swine flu, 2009's influenza pandemic, has been in the spotlight since it began in Mexico early in 2009. The global response to swine flu has been forceful in an attempt to prevent a repeat of previous devastating influenza pandemics. Outside Mexico swine flu has remained for the most part a mild disease, and it may turn out to be no more dangerous than seasonal influenza. However it is crucial ...

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pandemic H1N1) is spreading throughout the planet. It has become the dominant strain in the Southern Hemisphere, where the influenza season has now ended. Here, on the basis of reported case clusters in the United States, we estimated the household secondary attack rate for pandemic H1N1 to be 27.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) from 12.2% to 50.5%]. From a sch...

Simulation represents a true paradigm shift in teaching and learning that has revolutionized healthcare education. However, few continuing education opportunities for anesthesia providers exist using simulation of any type. This article explores the usefulness of high-fidelity simulation (HFS) as a valuable tool for continuing education and reports the results of a needs assessment conducted am...

INTRODUCTION Recent epidemiologic research studies in rural Alaska have examined risk factors for infectious diseases collected at the household level. Examples include the health effects of in-home piped water and household air quality. Because the exposure is measured at the household level, it is necessary to determine if participants remained in the same house throughout the course of follo...