In order to calculate the flexural strength of normal-strength concrete (NSC) beams, the nonlinear actual concrete stress distribution within the compression zone is normally replaced by an equivalent rectangular stress block, with two coefficients of α and β to regulate the intensity and depth of the equivalent stress respectively. For NSC beams design, α and β are usually assumed constant as ...

It follows from the Chapter 7 that, except for very short gauge lengths, percent elongation is mainly influenced by uniform elongation, and is thus dependent upon the strain-hardening capacity of the matrix. In contrast, reduction in area is more a measure of the deformation required to produce fracture, and its chief contribution arises from the necking process. The work of Groom (1971) illust...

Effectiveness of a second phase in metallic glass heterostructures to improve mechanical properties varies widely. Unfortunately, methods to fabricate such heterostructures like foams and composites do not allow controlled variation of structural features. Here we report a novel strategy, which allows us to vary heterostructural features independently, thereby enabling a systematic and quantita...

The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the Direct Strength Method for coldformed steel design. The Direct Strength Method was formally adopted in North American design specifications in 2004 as an alternative to the traditional Effective Width Method. The appendix of this paper provides an excerpt from the North American Specification which provides the Direct Strength Method equ...

the aim of this study was to represent effective componentsin demand chain which help organizations attain high performance levelsthrough identification of these components and determining theirdegree of importance. the following questions were major ideas of thisstudy: what are the most effective components in demand chain? andhow are they effective on organizational performance? to this end,m...

This paper presents an experimental study on the fundamental performances of a sprayed engineered cementitious composite (ECC) in repair systems. ECC serving as a repair material has been expected to be highly effective in providing durable repaired structures because of the tight crack width control and high delamination resistance. For this study, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber-reinforced EC...

Sanitation improvement is crucial in saving lives that are lost due to water contamination. Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in low-income informal settlements in most developing countries. Furthermore, resources are being wasted on installing facilities that are later misused or never used because they do not meet the local demand. Understanding demand for impr...

the accumulative roll bonding process is used as a severe plastic deformation technique to produce aluminum composite sheets with ultra fine structure. in this study the effect of simultaneous use mg and sic particles as reinforcements, on the tensile properties of the al-mg-sic hybrid compositeis studied. the al-mg-sic hybrid composites with different amounts of mg and sic contents were fabric...

Abstract On one hand, the nature of linear elastic up to brittle rupture hinders application fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as reinforcement in concrete member due displacement ductility demand structures. other FRP are equipped with many irreplaceable advantages To resolve this contradiction, a possible solution is use so-called compression yield (CY) structural system and beam incorporat...