Chemical force microscopy (CFM) was used to characterize the chemical heterogeneity of two commercially available nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. CFM probes were modified with three different terminal functionalities: methyl (CH3), carboxyl (COOH), and hydroxyl (OH). Chemically distinct information about the membrane surfaces was deduced based on differences in adhesion between th...

OBJECTIVES: The performance of spiral-wound nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was investigated in terms of natural organic matter (NOM) rejection and associated NOM fouling. The study objectives focused on • demonstrating the effects of both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between NOM components and the membrane surface • determining influential factors (water qu...

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Removal of hormones and antibiotics by nanofiltration membranes Ismail Koyuncu a,∗, Osman A. Arikan a,b, Mark R. Wiesner c, Clifford Rice b a Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey b USDA-ARS, Environmental Management and Byproduct Utilization Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering...

Molecular weight enlargement (MWE) is an attractive method for homogeneous catalyst recycling. Applications of MWE in combination with either catalyst precipitation or nanofiltration have demonstrated their great potential as a method for process intensification in homogeneous catalysis. Selected, recent advances in MWE in combination with catalyst recovery are discussed, together with their im...

The nitric acid oxidation of D-glucose was reinvestigated in an effort to better understand and improve the oxidation and subsequent work up steps. The oxidation was carried out using a computer controlled reactor employing a closed reaction flask under an atmosphere of oxygen which allowed for a catalytic oxidation process with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Removal of nitric acid from produc...

Single and dual crop coefficient methods are used in conjunction with grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to estimate actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc). However, the impact of soil surface residue cover on the accuracy of ETc estimated with these methods is not well understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the FAO-56 single crop coefficient (sin...

The duality principle is applied to derive new single-stage power-factor-correction (PFC) voltage regulators. This paper begins with an application of duality transformation to conventional discontinuousconduction-mode buck, buck-boost and boost converters. The resulting dual converters operate in the discontinuous capacitor voltage mode. These new converters provide the same PFC property, but ...