Paap and Noel's (1991) recent demonstration that increased memory load facilitates naming of low-frequency irregular words has been taken as strong support for dual-route theories of word naming (e.g., Coltheart, 1978). Others, however, (Jared, personal communication, March 1993; Strain, personal communication, April 1993) have been unable to replicate this effect. In the present research, five...

The effects of word frequency were examined for Japanese Kanji and Katakana words in 6 experiments. The sizes of frequency effects were comparable for Kanji and Katakana words in the standard lexical decision task. In the standard naming task, the frequency effect for Katakana words was significantly smaller than that for Kanji words. These results were consistent with the lexical-selection acc...

Two current approaches to the computational modelling of reading are the connectionist triangle model approach (parallel processing; distributed representations; models developed via a connectionist training algorithm such as backpropagation) and the DRC ("dual route cascaded") model (serial processing components permitted; local representations; model architecture specified by the modeller rat...

Background Countries with health workforce shortages are increasingly turning to multipurpose community health workers (CHWs) to extend integrated services to the community-level. However, there may be tradeoffs with the number of tasks a CHW can effectively perform before quality and/or productivity decline. This qualitative study was conducted within an existing program in Iringa, Tanza...

Natural gas-diesel dual fuel combustion is a beneficial strategy for achieving high efficient and low emissions operation in compression ignition engines, especially in genset application heavy duty diesel engine at rated power. This study aims to investigate a dual fuel engine performance and emissions using premixed natural gas and early direct injection of diesel fuel. Due to the different r...

We present a new connectionist model of human spelling and investigate some of its properties. Although based on Sejnowski & Rosenberg’s (1987) NETtalk model of reading, it requires no pre-processing of the training data to align the phonemes and letters. The model achieves 100% performance on the training data (2837 monosyllabic words including many irregular words) and has a generalization pe...

We analyze the behavior of closed product-form queueing networks when the number of customers grows to infinity and remains proportionate on each route (or class). First, we focus on the stationary behavior and prove the conjecture that the stationary distribution at non-bottleneck queues converges weakly to the stationary distribution of an ergodic, open product-form queueing network. This ope...

Woollams, Lambon Ralph, Plaut, and Patterson reported detailed data on reading in 51 cases of semantic dementia. They simulated some aspects of these data using a connectionist parallel distributed processing (PDP) triangle model of reading. We argue here that a different model of reading, the dual route cascaded (DRC) model of Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, and Ziegler (2001), not only pro...