The strength of bone is related to its mass and geometry, but also to the physical properties of the tissue itself. Bone tissue is composed primarily of collagen and mineral, each of which changes with age, and each of which can be affected by pharmaceutical treatments designed to prevent or reverse the loss of bone. With age, there is a decrease in collagen content, which is associated with an...

Introduction: In patients with low initial bone mass, alendronate treatment causes small increases in DXA derived areal bone mineral density (BMD) and large decreases in fracture incidence. An increase in bone balance (the difference between bone formed and that resorbed per remodeling cycle) is often cited as the primary cause of increased BMD in clinical trials. Although some evidence exists ...

Methods 137 subjects aged 25 to 62 years were recruited across a range of BMI (17 to 50 kg/m) as part of a study examining the relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal health. Disabling foot pain was determined from the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) and was defined as current foot pain and pain in the last month, as well as recording at least one disability item on t...

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity between three established prediction equations and our prediction equation referenced by DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) on fat free mass (FFM) in Taiwan male soccer players. Methods: Twenty seven elite Taiwan soccer players were estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and DEXA. The R2 value of FFM estimated by our predic...

Background No study has evaluated the potential independent and cumulative effects of physical activity, sedentary behavior, daily frequency of protein consumption, lean mass and muscular strength on mortality risk. Methods Data from the 1999-2002 NHANES were utilized (N = 1,079 adults 50-85 yr), with follow-up through 2011. Leg lean mass was estimated from DXA scans. Knee extensor strength w...

INTRODUCTION: The current benchmark for the assessment of fracture risk is the status of osteoporosis based on the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DXA). However, the ability of BMD to predict fracture occurrence has been shown to be limited, and over half of “osteoporotic fractures” occur among people who cannot be classified as having osteoporosis...

We revisit the doubly-layered sandwich detector con guration for single-shot dual-energy x-ray imaging. In order to understand its proper operation, we investigated the contrast-to-noise performance in terms of the x-ray beam setup using the Monte Carlo methods. Using a pair of active photodiode arrays coupled to phosphor screens, we have built a sandwich detector. For better spectral separatio...

Methods A cohort of 52 adults (aged 35.7 years, 46% men, 23 born after steroid treatment) and their term-born children (n=61, aged 8.0 years, 52% boys, 49% from a parent born after steroid treatment), was recruited in Auckland. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were assessed using hyperglycaemic clamps in adults, and HOMA-IR in children. Other assessments included DXA-derived body composition, ...

Results Females constituted 84% of the cohort with a median age at diagnosis of 13.1 years. The mean LS BMD zscores decreased with time. Initially, 9% of patients had a low BMD, this proportion increased to 19% by 3 years after diagnosis. Overall, the BMD category decreased in 35% of patients from 1 to 3rd DEXA study. LS BMD followed a general deteriorating trajectory of -0.25 z-score/year from...