Macroevolution examines the temporal patterns of biological diversity in deep time. When combined with biogeography, it can provide unique information about the historical changes in the distribution of communities and biomes. Here I document temporal and spatial changes of diversity in the genus Bursera and relate them to the origin and expansion of the tropical dry forests of Mexico. Bursera ...

Simulation of dry matter accumulation and the distribution of crop growth is an important means of predicting yield. In this study, a variety of cultivars of the processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), sowing dates and densities were tested. By analyzing the quantitative relationships between growth and physiological development time (PDT) based on a knowledge model, dry matter parti...

The Pantanal is a large savanna wetland (138,183 km2 in Brazil), important for its wildlife, fed by tributaries of the upper Paraguay River, center of South America (Brazil, touching Bolivia and Paraguay). Uplands are plateaus (250-1,200 m high, 215,000 km2 in Brazil) and flatland is the Pantanal (80-150 m high, 147,574 km2 in Brazil). Rivers are slow moving when they meet the flatland (slope 0...

Foraging in the Black Lion Tamarin (L. chrysopygus Mikan, 1823) was observed in the Caetetus Ecological Station, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, during 83 days between November 1988 to October 1990. These tamarins use manipuJative, specitic-site foraging behavior. When searching for animal prey items, they examine a variety ofmicrohabitats (dry palm leaves, twigs, under loose bark, in tree cavi...

gaz is one of the traditional food products. ingredient of gaz has certain differences compared with other sweets & snacks, which in the preparation of them no oils, starch and flour is used. adverse color, taste and odor in gaz may has been created by oxidation in nuts at store condition. on the other hand, gaz becomes dry in inappropriate packaging at areas with low humidity and becomes soft ...

The West Nile virus (WNv) continues to be a public health concern in North America. Dry weather appears to increase human WNv infection risks, but it is uncertain whether dry weather conditions exert similar effects on the corresponding equine WNv infection. This study assessed the effects of precipitation of the previous year and land cover diversity on the equine WNv risk of Mississippi, USA,...

The increasing prevalence of respiratory diseases in Chinese children has focused attention on indoor environmental quality. We investigated associations between perceived air quality in domestic environments and children's allergic diseases with a questionnaire survey study. A total of 4017 children aged 1-8 years old from 23 kindergartens in urban, suburban and industrial areas in Nanjing wer...