diastolic phase of cardiac function is associated with lower arterial flow and hence higher concentration of intra arterially injected drug is achieved at the site of injection. it is herein postulated that drugs show higher efficacy when injected during the diastolic phase of cardiac function. it is also postulated that this benefit cannot be achieved when the drug is injected with higher rate...

AIM The aim of this study was to examine the risk of cardiovascular diseases among users of both inhaled (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) and oral (oxybutynin and propantheline, solifenacin, tolterodine) anticholinergics. METHOD A retrospective study was undertaken on data obtained from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from subjects who had received either an inhaled or oral ...

OBJECTIVE To establish the relationship between subjective complaints of side effects of drugs and the objective presence of adverse drug reactions in older patients. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING Five medical wards at the University Hospital Rotterdam Dijkzigt. SUBJECTS Patients aged 70 and over admitted to the general medical wards over a 3-month period. METHODS ...

Nitrofurantoin and nitrofurantoin with liquorice were given to healthy volunteers and patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The excretion rates of the drug, colony counts and side effects were studied in patients and excretion rates in the volunteers. The excretion rates of the drug were significantly higher in patients receiving the drug with liquorice and also side effects were mi...

Background: Clopidogrel is an effective anti-platelet drug that is commonly prescribed for patients with atherosclerotic coronary and peripheral vascular diseases, especially after angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Even though this drug seems safe, there are case reports of important side effects with its use. Case Presentation: The patient was 67 years old male admitted wi...