BACKGROUND Health Canada has defined rare diseases as life-threatening, seriously debilitating, or serious chronic conditions affecting a very small number of patients (~1 in 2,000 persons). An estimated 9 % of Canadians suffer from a rare disease. Drugs treating rare diseases (DRDs) are also known as orphan drugs. While Canada is currently developing an orphan drug framework, in the United Sta...

BACKGROUND Distalgesic, the prescription-only analgesic compound of paracetamol (325 mg) and dextropropoxyphene (32.5 mg) known as co-proxamol in the UK, was withdrawn from the Irish market as of January 2006. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the withdrawal of distalgesic in terms of intentional drug overdose (IDO) presentations to hospital emergency departments (EDs) nationally. ME...

due to the fact that assets are recorded at their historical value and they may include unrealized gains (losses), managers may manipulate earnings through the sale of these assets and provide financial information which is not accurate and reliable. the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between income from asset sales, earnings change and leverage of companies listed on tehr...

the sales proceeds are the most important factors for keeping alive profitable companies. so sales and budget sales are considered as important parameters influencing all other decision variables in an organization. therefore, poor forecasting can lead to great loses in organization caused by inaccurate and non-comprehensive production and human resource planning. in this research a coherent so...

PURPOSE To examine relationships between pharmaceutical representatives and obstetrician-gynecologists and identify factors associated with self-reported reliance on representatives when making prescribing decisions. METHOD In 2006-2007, questionnaires were mailed to 515 randomly selected physicians in the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Collaborative Ambulatory Research ...

Sellers and buyers of illicit goods and services (e.g., drugs, sex, stolen merchandise, stolen and illegal firearms) must find ways of meeting each other and making exchanges in order to get the rewards they seek. However, they also risk having their money or illicit goods stolen by others or being apprehended by the police. There are two strategies that participants in illicit markets can use ...

time for a great white shark named Bruce. A mechanical beast weighing 1.5 tonnes, Bruce was the star of Jaws, a movie that grossed US$260 million in the United States, ushering Hollywood into the summer blockbuster era. Like the movie industry, the pharmaceutical sector has in recent decades come to rely on annual blockbusters to drive profits. But it appears the blockbuster model is broken. Un...

BACKGROUND Increasing alcohol taxes has proven effective in reducing alcohol consumption, but the effects of alcohol sales taxes on sales of specific alcoholic beverages have received little research attention. Data on sales are generally less subject to reporting biases than self-reported patterns of alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effects of Maryland's July 1, 2011 th...