In a Fisher market, a market maker sells m items to n potential buyers. The buyers submit their utility functions and money endowments to the market maker, who, upon receiving submitted information, derives market equilibrium prices and allocations of its items. While agents may benefit by misreporting their private information, we show that the percentage of improvement by a unilateral strateg...

OBJECTIVE Analyze the implementation of drug price regulation policy by the Drug Market Regulation Chamber. METHODS This is an interview-based study, which was undertaken in 2012, using semi-structured questionnaires with social actors from the pharmaceutical market, the pharmaceuticals industry, consumers and the regulatory agency. In addition, drug prices were compiled based on surveys cond...

To overcome the unattractiveness of small markets, the United States govemment provides financial aid and incentives for drug manufacturers to create cures for rare diseases under the Orphan Drug Act ("the Act").' Recent research integrating genetic information and pharmacology holds promise for creating more effective drugs targeted at smaller populations than ever before. In the near future, ...

Is innovation primarily determined by scientific constraints and motivated by past scientific discoveries? Or does innovation respond to profit incentives? In this paper, we develop a simple model linking innovation to potential market size, and show that under a variety of circumstances, a greater market size for a particular product, which implies greater profitability from sales, spurs faste...

Drug dealer motivation is traditionally attributed to individual greed or social structural pressures resulting from poor social conditions or blocked opportunities. To date, few scholars have seriously considered that underlying personality characteristics might shape an individual’s decisions to participate in the illegal drug market. This paper builds upon the tenets of Adlerian Individual P...

Choosing the best antimicrobial agent for a particular patient or infection can be a complicated process. Ideally, the best drug can be determined by comparing the properties of individual agents with each other. A favorable clinical profile (i.e., excellent efficacy, few adverse effects) is clearly the most important variable used for selection. However, this can be difficult when newer agents...

In response to increasing prescription drug costs, more U.S. patients and policymakers are importing less-expensive pharmaceutical products from other countries. Large-scale prescription drug importation is currently illegal, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits individuals to bring in 90-day supplies of drugs for personal use. As patient use of foreign-bought drugs has increased, ...

PURPOSE Review existing studies and provide new results on the development, regulatory, and market aspects of new oncology drug development. METHODS We utilized data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), company surveys, and publicly available commercial business intelligence databases on new oncology drugs approved in the United States and on investigational oncology drugs to estim...

Fear of lawsuits and customer confusion have greeted a Food and Drug Administration plan to let generic drug companies change labels quickly, without prior agency approval, when they learn of adverse effects once the generic reaches the market.

afghanistan as the largest producer of drug in the world, after the events of september 11, 2001, and attack of international forces following the resolution of the un, has been increasingly important in international politics. the range of effects from illigal drug trade in afghanistan and the countries on the way of transition and trafficking target market, has caused special attention paid t...