Packed bed cultivation systems have potential for widespread application in solid-state cultivation (SSC), but they are poorly characterized. The effects of particle size and substrate loading on the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus on sago-beads in packed bed bioreactors were investigated. Pressure drop and protein were monitored as indicators of fungal growth in cultivations performed in a larg...

AIM In order to improve patient education, compliance, and administration of eye drops prescribed for patients suffering with glaucoma within a UK ophthalmology department, an eye drop chart (EDC) was designed, developed, and piloted with patients attending the glaucoma clinic over 1 month. METHODS A cross-sectional prospective pilot study of 25 patients using an administration aid and a self...

In this work, we introduce the novel technique of inchip drop on demand, which consists in dispensing picoliter to nanoliter drops on demand directly in the liquid-filled channels of a polymer microfluidic chip, at frequencies up to 2.5 kHz and with precise volume control. The technique involves a PDMS chip with one or several microliter-size chambers driven by piezoelectric actuators. In this ...

The effects of the finite size of a liquid drop undergoing a phase transition are described in terms of the complement, the largest (but mesoscopic) drop representing the liquid in equilibrium with the vapor. Vapor cluster concentrations, pressure, and density from fixed mean density lattice gas (Ising) calculations are explained in terms of the complement generalization of Fisher's model. Acco...

We experimentally study the production of micrometer-sized droplets using microfluidic technology and a flow-focusing geometry. Two distinct methods of flow control are compared: (i) control of the flow rates of the two phases and (ii) control of the inlet pressures of the two phases. In each type of experiment, the drop size l, velocity U and production frequency f are measured and compared as...

This work examines the interactions at stake in environments where several display surfacesand pointing devices are used. These environments can be distributed or not. We are moreparticularly interested in drag-and-drop like techniques in the context of wall-size displays. Drag-and-drop is probably the most emblematic and widespreadly used technique of directmanipulation paradigms. ...

We derive generating functions for a variety of distributions of joint permutation statistics all of which involve a bound on the maximum drop size of a permutation π, i.e., max{i−π(i)}. Our main result treats the case for the joint distribution of the number of inversions, the number of descents and the maximum drop size of permutations on [n] = {1, 2, . . . , n}. A special case of this (ignor...