Range anxiety and battery cycle life are two major factors which restrict the development of electric vehicles. Battery degradation can be reduced by adding supercapacitors to create a Hybrid Energy Storage System. This paper proposes a systematic approach to configure the hybrid energy storage system and quantifies the battery degradation for electric vehicles when using supercapacitors. A con...

This paper deals with the aging and characterization of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for life estimation evaluation. The most important aging characteristics of a real driving cycle for hybrid electric vehicle application, such as initial State of Charge (SoC) and Depth of Discharge (DoD), are used to synthesize an aging profile to be reproduced in laboratory based on statistical analysis. Im...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are driven by two energy convertors, i.e., an Internal Combustion (IC) engine and an electric machine. To make powertrain of HEV as efficient as possible, proper management of the energy elements is essential. This task is completed by HEV controller, which splits power between the IC engine and Electric Motor (EM). In this paper, a Genetic-Fuzzy control strategy...

Two organic gas speciation profiles (OG2403 and OG2404) for compressed natural gas (CNG) transit buses equipped with three-way catalysts (TWC) were developed in this work to complement the current CARB organic gas speciation profile database. The profiles were created based on chassis dynamometer test data of two transit buses equipped with TWCs running on CNG. Profile OG2403 was made for Stead...

OBJECTIVE Alcohol-involved crashes cost society more than $100 billion a year. Sobriety checkpoints are effective in apprehending drunk drivers. This article compares the costs and the estimated monetary benefits from a hypothetical community sobriety checkpoint program. METHOD The analysis is constructed around a hypothetical community with 100,000 licensed drivers. A literature review sugge...

The current regulated particle metric in vehicle emissions is the total mass, while during last decade interest in number size distribution has increased. Various international studies on epidemiology and toxicology have reported the adverse effect of the particle matter on public health. The UNECE group of experts on pollution and energy (GRPE) under particle measurement program (PMP) are u...

This article reports the findings of an experiment designed to evaluate the effect of four questionnaire formats on the willingness of drivers convicted of drunken driving to admit to this socially undesirable behaviour. Four samples of convicted drunk drivers each received a different version of a mail questionnaire about driving behaviour and attitudes. Two versions of the questionnaire inclu...