efore the 1970s, research into the nature of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water and into methods for its removal was driven primarily by the desire to remove color from public water supplies. Since then, several other problems associated with NOM have been identified, including its demand for coagulants and disinfectants, its potential to transport metals and hydrophobic organic che...

BACKGROUND Nitrate is a contaminant of drinking water in agricultural areas and is found at high levels in some vegetables. Nitrate competes with uptake of iodide by the thyroid, thus potentially affecting thyroid function. METHODS We investigated the association of nitrate intake from public water supplies and diet with the risk of thyroid cancer and self-reported hypothyroidism and hyperthy...

Increases in corn cultivation for biofuels production, due to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, are likely to lead to increases in nitrate concentrations in both surface and groundwater resources in the United States. These increases might trigger the requirement for additional energy consumption for water treatment to remove the nitrates. While these increasing concentrations o...

in this paper, the results of surface and ground water quality monitoring during drilling of three deep exploratory wells in geothermal project in north west of sabalan in meshkinshahr are analyzed. the region has been investigated by various researchers to generate electricity using geothermal energy. drilling in deep geothermal projects, a variety of materials such as cement, bentonite, barit...

BACKGROUND Nitrate is a widespread contaminant of drinking water supplies, especially in agricultural areas. Nitrate intake from drinking water and dietary sources can interfere with the uptake of iodide by the thyroid, thus potentially impacting thyroid function. METHODS We assessed the relation of estimated nitrate levels in well water supplies with thyroid health in a cohort of 2,543 Old O...

There is substantial demand in medical and industrial sectors for coatings, films and fibers that prevent bacterial adhesion and growth. Pathogenic bacteria form biofilms that affect human health, producing considerable economic loss and human morbidity/mortality. These films are especially troublesome in the health care field (hospital-acquired infections and infections from indwelling medical...

The access of almost all 270 million U.S. residents to reliable, safe drinking water distinguishes the United States in the twentieth century from that of the nineteenth century. The United States is a relatively water-abundant country with moderate population growth; nonetheless, current trends are sufficient to strain water resources over time, especially on a regional basis. We have examined...

EPA recently concluded limited testing of agricultural sites in Alabama where sewage sludge was applied from a local wastewater treatment plant that receives wastewater from numerous industrial sources, including facilities that manufacture and use perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). The results from this limited testing indicated elevated levels of PFCs in ...

Membrane filtration has become an accepted technology for the removal of pathogens from drinking water. Viruses, known to contaminate water supplies, are too small to be removed by a size-exclusion mechanism without a large energy penalty. Thus, functionalized electrospun membranes that can adsorb viruses have drawn our interest. We chose a quaternized chitosan derivative (HTCC) which carries a...