This study aimed to forecast temperature variations in the western and southwestern part of Iran using a general circulation model artificial neural networks (ANN). The data included mean diurnal temperatures from synoptic stations, National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ Center Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data, outputs third-generation global climate model, Hadley Centre...

Nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 VCD) measurements via satellite are compared with a finescale regional chemistry transport model, using a new approach that considers varying satellite footprint sizes. Spaceborne NO2 VCD measurement has been used as a proxy for surface nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, especially for anthropogenic urban emission, so accurate comparison of satellite an...

Non-linear statistical downscaling of present and LGM precipitation and temperatures over Europe M. Vrac, D. Paillard, and P. Naveau Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Centre d’étude de Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France Received: 20 June 2007 – Accepted: 20 June 2007 – Published: 6 July 2007...

A non-homogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) is used to make stochastic simulations of March–August daily rainfall at 10 stations over the southeastern United States, 1923–98. Station-average observed daily rainfall is prescribed as an input to the NHMM, which is then used to disaggregate the rainfall in space. These rainfall simulations are then used as inputs to a CERES crop model for maize. ...

Thermal infrared (TIR) data are efficiently used for surface fluxes estimation giving the possibility to assess energy budgets through surface temperature. However, an accurate knowledge of such data at high spatial/temporal resolution is not possible considering the present instruments on board satellites. In fact, available instruments allow either the high spatial resolution with a low tempo...

Herein, a novel photoelectrochemical heterostructure based on TiO2 nanotube layers uniformly coated by a CdS thin layer (using ALD) is presented. Downscaling the nanotube diameter (from 95 to 35 nm) resulted in a 2-fold enhancement of the UV and Vis light photocurrents. Further photocurrent improvement resulted from the prior annealing of the TiO2 nanotube layers from 300 to 600 °C.