An existing numerical model of cumulus growth, treating condensation but not precipitation, is modified by the incorporation of a parameterized treatment of liquid phase microphysics. This modification improves the realism of the results in several important respects; among them are maximum height of cloud growth, maximum liquid content, amount and distribution of temperature departure, cloud s...

column stretching, so that the NH3 , NH4SH, and water lifting condensation levels were pushed to 8, 16, and .20 bars, respecThe Galileo probe found the jovian abundance of H2S to be tively. In either case, the simplest form of this model requires 30% solar at the 8 bar level, while the abundance of water was the downdraft to be less dense than the surroundings from less than 3% solar at 12 bars...

High-sodium lignite from the Freedom mine in North Dakota was tested in a Transport Gasifier at the Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF). The tests occurred in October 2003 and August 2004 for a total of 445 hours of operation. Due to its high sodium content, the Freedom mine lignite presented unusual challenges to gasifier operations. This paper discusses high-sodium lignite gasification ...

The Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) is an engineering scale demonstration of advanced coal-fired power systems and high-temperature, high-pressure gas filtration systems. The PSDF was designed at sufficient scale so that advanced power system components and the Department of Energy’s Clean Coal Roadmap program elements could be tested in an integrated fashion to provide data for comme...

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the gasification performance in a one-stage, entrained-bed coal gasifier (Shell Coal Gasification Process (SCGP) gasifier) was performed, for the first time. The parametric study used various O2/coal and steam/coal ratios, and the modeling used a commercial code, ANSYS FLUENT. CFD modeling was conducted by solving the steady-state...

This paper presents a comparison of commercial fluidized bed gasifiers and combustors used to recover energy from municipal solid wastes and biomass. The work reported here is excerpted from four case studies prepared for the International Energy Agency’s Bioenergy Agreement, under Task 23 (Energy from Thermal Conversion of MSW and RDF, 1998-2000) and Task 36 (Energy from Integrated Solid Waste...

The molar flow rate of carbon has been selected as the processing parameter for comparison for several reasons. The heterogeneous feedstock (air/oxygen and solid material such as biomass) of most gasifiers permits a wide range of total mass feed rate depending on parameters such as the C/O ratio of the solid, the S/C ratio of the gasifier feed, and equivalence ratio of the gasifier. However, th...

The Burlington, Vermont gasifier is the first commercial scale demonstration of Future Energy Resources SilvaGas biomass gasification process. The gasification plant is the largest operation of its type in the United States. The Burlington plant is coupled to the McNeil station of the Burlington Electric Department and is being used to evaluate and demonstrate the gasification technology both a...

Eight papers contributed by the Lincoln Laboratory Weather Sensing Group to the American Meteorological Society’s 16th Conference on Severe Local Storms, to be held October 22-26, 1990 in Kananaskis Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, are compiled in this volume. The FAA sponsored the summer 1989 field test of the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) system in Kansas City, Missouri to detect win...

A modification to the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) flux measurement technique is proposed which maximizes the scalar mixing ratio difference in updrafts and downdrafts. This technique was developed with the goal of measuring the stable isotope (C/C and O/O) ratios of updraft and downdraft air and thus the net fluxes of CO2 and COO. Current mass spectrometer precision is small relative to mea...