A biased expansion of a graph is a kind of branched covering graph with additional structure related to combinatorial homotopy of circles. Some but not all biased expansions are constructed from groups (group expansions); these include all biased expansions of complete graphs (assuming order at least four), which correspond to Dowling’s lattices of a group and encode an iterated group operation...

We present new criteria for a multary (or polyadic) quasigroup to be isotopic to an iterated group operation. The criteria are consequences of a structural analysis of biased expansion graphs. We mention applications to transversal designs and generalized Dowling geometries. 1. Associativity in multary quasigroups A multary quasigroup is a set with an n-ary operation for some finite n ≥ 2, say ...

References 1. Maklakov, A.A., and Lummaa, V. (2013). Evolution of sex differences in lifespan and aging: Causes and constraints. Bioessays 35, 717–724. 2. Promislow, D.E.L., Montgomerie, R., and Martin, T.E. (1992). Mortality costs of sexual dimorphism in birds. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 250, 143–150. 3. McCulloch, D., and Gems, D. (2003). Evolution of male longevity bias in nematodes. Aging C...

Sir, Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is a rare disorder characterized by acquired pigmented macules and papules in a reticulate pattern, particularly affecting the flexural areas and other major skin folds (1, 2). A female patient presented with dotted and reticulate pigmentation of the axilla, and was diagnosed as DDD both clinically and histopathologically. However, the asymmetrical distribution ...

BY Major M. A. C. DOWLING, M.R.C.S., D.P.H., D.T.M.&H. Royal Army Medical Corps AND R. D. HUGHES, Ph.D., B.Se. Formerly Lieutenant, Royal Army Medical Corps INTRODUCTION FOLLOWING the occurrence of a number of cases of malaria in naval personnel who had been ashore at Pulau Tioman, a survey of the island was carried out on 29th June, 1955, on behalf of the Royal Navy and with the consent of the...

Blistering in epidermolysis bullosa simplex type Dowling-Meara (EBS-DM) is associated with an inflammatory phenotype, which can be disrupted by diacerein in vitro. In this pilot study we hypothesized, that a topical formulation of diacerein 1% reduces blistering. Five patients initially applied diacerein underneath both armpits. Then, each participant received 1% diacerein-cream for one armpit,...

severe aphid infestation (Wang et al., 1996). An additional threat posed by the aphid is its ability to transmit certain With an efficient greenhouse screening method, the first resistance plant viruses to soybean such as Alfalfa mosaic virus, Soyto the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) was found in cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm. No resistance was bean dwarf virus...

Galli-Galli disease is a rare genodermatosis currently regarded as an acantholytic variant of Dowling-Degos disease. The 2 diseases have the same clinical features: reticular hyperpigmented macules in the great skin folds, erythematous scaly papules and plaques, comedo-like lesions, and pitted perioral scars, and the only differentiating characteristic is the histological finding of acantholysi...

(School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta) The association of the pulmonary and cutaneous tuberculosis was observed by Tomlinson and Dowling (1947) but the subject has not been thoroughly studied. Mitchell-Hegg (1950) in his text book advocates routine X-ray examination of the lungs in every case of cutaneous tuberculosis and remarks that pulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon with lupus. According to...

We define the (q, r)-Whitney numbers of the first and second kinds in terms of the q-Boson operators, and obtain several fundamental properties such as recurrence formulas, orthogonality and inverse relations, and other interesting identities. As a special case, we obtain a q-analogue of the r-Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds. Finally, we define the (q, r)-Dowling polynomials in t...