Since the appearance of the work of Jacques Loeb, it is well known that the rate of growth of certain marine organisms is markedly influenced by the physicochemical conditions of the water. In alkaline sea-water, the fertilized eggs of the sea-urchin develop more quickly than in normal sea-water. When tubularia are deposited in hypotonic sea-water, their growth is considerably increased. The ex...

Entrepreneurs are important for national labour markets and economies in that they contribute significantly to economic growth as well as provide the majority of jobs and create new ones. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s “Report on Women and Entrepreneurship”, investment in women’s entrepreneurship is an important way to exponentially increase the impact of new venture creatio...

There is no trustworthy estimate of the incidence of congenital heart disease as a whole, still less of tricuspid atresia. Doubtless many infants have died with tricuspid atresia, on whom no post-mortem examination was made, with merely a diagnosis of congenital heart disease or even unrelated diagnoses, since many of them succumb to infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia. The fi...

The advantage of using semantic reasoners based on Description Logics (DL) for the development of intelligent systems is doubtless: They make easy the optimal management of knowledge (expressed as ontologies). Reasoning is a complex and computationally expensive task traditionally performed on powerful server and desktop computers. However, we should not discard reasoners from being used on mob...

Ether anesthesia has a marked influence in diminishing the pressor response to minute amounts of epinephrine injected directly into the circulation. Hemorrhage also acts to lessen or abolish the response, and to a degree directly proportional to the lowering of the blood pressure it causes. In the exsanguinated animal an amount of epinephrine three or four times that sufficient to produce a pre...

Traumatic injury or inflammatory irritation of the peripheral nervous system often leads to persistent pathophysiological pain states. It has been well-documented that, after peripheral nerve injury or inflammation, functional and anatomical alterations sweep over the entire peripheral nervous system including the peripheral nerve endings, the injured or inflamed afferent fibers, the dorsal roo...

Manifestations of lepra reaction in cases of tuberculoid leprosy or in individual tuberculoid lesions have not been described as such. Evidence of its occurrence would doubtless be found in the literature if it were searched interpretivelybearing in mind the fact that tuberculoid lesions are usually not recognized for what they are. For example, the peculiar nerve abscess common in India is pro...

During the second and third quarters of the nineteenth century there flourished in the city of Dublin the remarkable group of medical practitioners who constituted what is sometimes spoken of as the "Dublin group" and who, by their pathological and clinical studies and their influence on medical education, shed undying luster on the Irish School of Medicine. The group was composed of men of var...

There occurs in the right lower abdomen a wide variety of pathological lesions many of which present clinically as a lump. Chief among them are carcinoma and the 'appendix mass' or the appendix abscess. Recent experience has brought home to me how confused the diagnosis may be between these two; for not only may they be very much alike when presenting alone, but still more perplexing is the occ...

As a practicing orthopedic surgeon, I was amused by the article, “Medical versus Surgical Treatment for Low Back Pain.”1 Most busy surgeons will tell you that surgical treatment is practically never indicated for low back pain. I estimate that I treat about 100 patients before I see one who is a surgical candidate. And such patients have leg pain, not back pain, as their primary symptom. If thi...