Recent studies led to the proposal that meiotic gene conversion can result after transient engagement of the donor chromatid and subsequent DNA synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA). Double Holliday junction (dHJ) intermediates were previously proposed to form both reciprocal crossover recombinants (COs) and noncrossover recombinants (NCOs); however, dHJs are now thought to give rise main...

Heart-rate recovery (HRR) has been proposed as a marker of autonomic function and training status in athletes. The authors performed a systematic review of studies that examined HRR after training. Five cross-sectional studies and 8 studies investigating changes over time (longitudinal) met our criteria. Three out of 5 cross-sectional studies observed a faster HRR in trained compared with untra...

Assaults to our DNA take place at a high frequency and are incompatible with life. In this issue, Lawrence et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201604112) demonstrate that a novel complex links the nucleus with cytoplasmic microtubules for the promotion of DNA repair by homologous recombination.

RNA processing is essential factor for synthesis of functional and structural proteins in eukaryote cells. In eukaryote organisms it will be initiated with transcription of DNA in nucleolus and terminated to mRNA translation in cytoplasm, finally mRNA degraded. Protein synthesis followed as different steps, includes 5' capping, poly adenylating, processing and transferring from nucleolus to cyt...

One of the major early steps of repair is the recruitment of repair proteins at the damage site, and this is coordinated by a cascade of modifications controlled by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases and/or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). We used short interfering DNA molecules mimicking double-strand breaks (called Dbait) or single-strand breaks (called Pbait) to promote DNA-de...

The major DNA repair pathways operate on damage in double-strand DNA because they use the intact strand as a template after damage removal. Therefore, lesions in transient single-strand stretches of chromosomal DNA are expected to be especially threatening to genome stability. To test this hypothesis, we designed systems in budding yeast that could generate many kilobases of persistent single-s...

The study of double-strand break repair and homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis has provided important information about the mechanisms involved. However, it has become clear that the resulting recombination models are only partially applicable to repair in mitotic cells, where crossover formation is suppressed. In recent years our understanding of double-strand break r...

In recombinational DNA double-strand break repair a homologous template for gene conversion may be located at several different genomic positions: on the homologous chromosome in diploid organisms, on the sister chromatid after DNA replication, or at an ectopic position. The use of the homologous chromosome in mitotic gene conversion is thought to be limited in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisia...

What is the Rad52 protein? The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52 protein is a key player in DNA doublestrand break repair and homologous recombination. It forms a heptameric ring, catalyses DNA annealing and mediates Rad51-catalysed strand invasion. RAD52 is the defining member of an epistasis group of genes involved in repair of ionizing radiationinduced DNA double-strand breaks. Double-strand br...