abstract purpose: skeletal staining is a way to study the effect of many chemical or herbal substances on development of bones and cartilages in order to record the level of probable deformity.this article aimed to present a modified protocol to make all skeletal studies on laboratory animals possible. materials and methods: the important notes about skeletal staining were fixing by ethanol and...

introduction: skeletal staining is an important part of anatomical studies which can evaluate macroscopic disorders in bones and cartilages development. the aim of the present article is to illustrate two distinct protocols by all details in order to stain skeletal system of the lab animals in all ages of their lives so it becomes easy for future studies in this field. methods: in this paper, s...

Six Hereford bulls from a line selected with an index of body weight and muscling score were compared with six bulls from a control line to determine if increased growth in the selected line was associated with changes in plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and (or) thyrotropin (TSH). The predictive value of sire hormone data for growth rate of progeny was also evaluated. Bull...

Myostatin (MSTN) is a well-known negative regulator of muscle growth. Animals that possess mutations within this gene display an enhanced muscling phenotype, a desirable agricultural trait. Increased neonatal morbidity is common, however, resulting from complications arising from the birth of offspring with increased fetal muscle mass. The objective of the current research was to generate an at...

The long-term research goals in Drs. Velleman’s and McFarland’s laboratories are to improve the efficiency and the rates of muscle (meat) accretion in poultry and to identify the biochemical parameters that might improve selection criteria of poultry. The Midwest Poultry Research Program has identified “growth and body composition” including muscling as a priority research focus. The major focu...

Data in this experiment consisted of birth weight, calving score, thickness and grade records of 600 crossbred calves. Angus, Brangus, and Gelbvieh sires were mated to purebred Hereford cows. Yearling and 2-yr-old Angus-Hereford, Brangus-Hereford, and Gelbvieh-Hereford daughters then were bred to Polled Hereford bulls (Data Set 2). Later-parity Angus-Hereford, Brangus-Hereford, and Gelbvieh-Her...

in this paper, for the first time we have studied theoretically the effect of exchange-correlation holes around electrons in gaalas/gaas/gaalas nanostructure on the temperature-dependent dynamic dielectric function of two-dimensional electron gas by employing random phase, stls and hubbard approximations. also, we have investigated another interesting system which is coupled quantum wells struc...

in this paper, quadratic rules for obtaining approximate solution of definite integrals as well as single and double integrals using spline quasi-interpolants will be illustrated. the method is applied to a few test examples to illustrate the accuracy and the implementation of the method