Abstract I distinguish between two concepts of effort, E-effort and T-effort. is the familiar one, which focuses on experiential qualities making an effort (such energy time we put into making, or hardship endure). Teleological (or T-effort) motivated active focus intended purpose goal ; aim to do what it takes reach target effort. When make a T-effort concentrate best way getting where want be...

After the discovery of fractal structures financial markets, enormous effort has been dedicated to finding accurate and stable numerical schemes solve fractional Black-Scholes partial differential equations. This work, therefore, proposes a scheme for pricing double-barrier options, written on an underlying stock whose dynamics are governed by non-standard stochastic process. The resultant mode...