OBJECTIVE The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is one of the largest funders to fight these diseases. This paper discusses the programmatic contribution of Global Fund-supported programmes towards achieving international targets and Millennium Development Goals, using data from Global Fund grants. METHODOLOGY Results until June 2006 of 333 grants supported by the Global Fun...

background public and private health sectors both play a crucial role in the health systems of low- and middleincome countries (lmics). the tuberculosis (tb) control strategy in india encourages the public sector to actively partner with private practitioners (pps) to improve the quality of front line service delivery. however, ensuring effective and sustainable involvement of pps constitutes a...

Background Detecting patients whose sputum is smear-positive (smear+) on microscopic examination is an essential public health strategy to control tuberculosis (TB). It is estimated that only 53% of smear+ cases were notified under DOTS in 2004, indicating that a significant proportion of smear+ cases are going undetected within DOTS areas worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that women in ...

Theranostics is emerging as a popular strategy for cancer therapy; thanks to the development of nanotechnology. In this work, we have combined an HSV-TK/GCV suicide gene system and near-infrared quantum dots, as the former is quite effective in liver cancer treatment and the latter facilitates tumor imaging. A folate-modified theranostic liposome (FL/QD-TK) was developed, which is composed of a...

Background Public and private health sectors both play a crucial role in the health systems of low- and middleincome countries (LMICs). The tuberculosis (TB) control strategy in India encourages the public sector to actively partner with private practitioners (PPs) to improve the quality of front line service delivery. However, ensuring effective and sustainable involvement of PPs constitutes a...

nanotechnology has slowly but steadily revolutionized the diagnosis, imaging and treatment of cancer. detecting cancer at earliest stages, locating the tumor at different areas in the body and specific delivery of the drugs to malignant cells including surgically inaccessible tumors are the core areas of medical and pharmaceutical research across the world. in this endeavour, nanodevices have e...

A simple methodology was developed to quantify penicillamine (PA) in pharmaceutical samples, using the selective interaction of the drug with Cu-modified graphene quantum dots (Cu-GQDs). The proposed strategy combines the advantages of carbon dots (over other nanoparticles) with the high affinity of PA for the proposed Cu-GQDs, resulting in a significant and selective quenching effect. Under th...

Quantum dots are new types of fluorescent materials for biological labeling. As a result, QDs toxicity study is an essential requirement for future clinical applications. Therefore, the cytotoxic CdSe:ZnS quantum dots effects on some organs in mice are presented in this study. In this work, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses of CdSe:ZnS quantum dots were injected to 32 adult male mice. Structural and op...

We analyze several perfect-information combinatorial games played on planar triangulations. We introduce three broad categories of such games—constructing, transforming, and marking triangulations— and several specific games within each category. In various situations of each game, we develop polynomial-time algorithms to determine who wins a given game position under optimal play, and to find ...