buprestid beetles are one of the important components of the biodiversity of forest ecosystem in kurdistan province. different characteristics of biodiversity of buprestid beetles were studied by use of window trap, colored pan and colored sticky trap in these forests during 2009 and 2010. a total of 1205 specimens of 44 species were caught by use of considered traps during appearance of adults...

The effect of the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes on the structure of the bioticcommunities are stronger and better recorded in the shelf area than in the open sea. The present study isdevoted to impact of climatic events on some species of calcareous nannofossils. For this reason, 17samples of surface sediments of the Persian Gulf were studied. Preservation of calcareous nannofoss...

Owing to complex direct and indirect effects, impacts of higher trophic levels on plants is poorly understood. In tropical agroecosystems, ants interact with crop mutualists and antagonists, but little is known about how this integrates into the final ecosystem service, crop yield. We combined ant exclusion and introduction of invasive and native-dominant species in cacao agroecosystems to test...

In high-diversity communities, rare species encounter one another infrequently and therefore may compete more intensely with common species or guilds for limiting space and resources. In addition, rare species may be strongly recruitment limited because of their low abundances. Under these conditions, stochastic dispersal and immigration history can have an important influence on community stru...

In these simulations, there were no rules restricting the number of ants at baits; thus, no structuring mechanism is implied. Individuals were assigned to species using all three (even, skewed, and realistic) abundance frequency distributions. In model Null 1, for a species to be classified as dominant, it had to meet both the abundance and monopolization dominance descriptors. In Null 2a and N...

The evolution of many forms of mimicry are well understood, but the evolution of mimicry in the absence of aposematic models or third party participants remains poorly understood. This paper presents a model of the evolution of interspecific social dominance mimicry (ISDM), that does not rely on third-party observers, in the context of the Hairy-Downy game. Members of a socially dominant specie...

the mountainous area of fereizi is located in northwestern binalood range, khorassan, north east of iran. special climatic and geographical characteristics of the area make it a suitable habitat for various plant species. as a part of a research poject on the flora and vegetation of binalood mountain range, the floristic composition of this area, life forms and chorology of vascular plants have...

in this study species richness of earthworms in the central elburz mountains is reported for the first time based on samples collected from 33 localities along the haraz and chalus rivers. twelve species were identified representing seven genera from family lumbricidae (rafinesque-schmaltz 1815): aporrectodea caliginosa (savigny 1826), a. rosea (savigny 1826), a. jassyensis (michaelsen 1891), d...