EARLIER papers (MERRELL 1953a, b; MERRELL and UNDERHILL 1956) explored the effects of competition between sex-linked and autosomal recessives and their wild-type alleles in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. FALCONER (1960) has used data from one of these papers (1953b) to show the change in gene frequency under selection of a sex-linked gene, commenting that “there is no well...

Usefulness of multibreed composites depends on: 1) adaptation of the average breed effects combined, 2) amount of initial heterosis retained, and 3) the rate of further improvement from selection. Potential improvement could be increased, relative to parental stocks, by retained heterosis in reproductive rate and by any increase in additive genetic variation in the composite. A single-locus, tw...

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiormis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Stripe rust resistance genes Yr27, Yr31, YrSp, YrV23, and YrCN19 on chromosome 2BS confer resistance to some or all Chinese P. striiormis f. sp. tritici races CYR31, CYR32, SY11-4, and SY11-14 in the greenhouse. To screen microsatellite (SSR)...

ALTHOUGH genes governing many characters have been transferred between species, the inheritance of only a few of these genes has been studied in detail in their new genetic backgrounds. ALLARD and SHANDS (1954) reported that the stem rust resistance transferred from Triticum timopheeui Zhuk. to a common wheat variety C.I. 12633 was controlled in certain hybrids by duplicate dominant genes linke...

Evidence is presented of a higher than normal incidence both of clinical coeliac disease and of small-intestinal mucosal abnormalities in relatives of children with coeliac disease. In such relatives the incidence of mucosal abnormality may differ from the incidence of clinical coeliac disease. The data show an absence of any simple Mendelian pattern of inheritance: in place of the hypothesis t...

The Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) is one of the most important fur-bearing animal species. The dominant white individual, a coat color variant in farmed Chinese raccoon dog, shows a completely white phenotype over the entire body. The KIT and EDNRB genes have been reported to be associated with the dominant white coat color in some mammalian species. In the present...

We investigated the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on atresia of the dominant follicle and changes in relevant apoptosis genes in granulosa cells of dominant follicles regulated by FSH in vivo. Four-week-old mice were administered FSH by intraperitoneal injection to induce follicular maturation. Granulosa cells of dominant follicles were collected at 48, 72, and 96 h after the fi...

Haploinsufficiency, wherein a single functional copy of a gene is insufficient to maintain normal function, is a major cause of dominant disease. Human disease studies have identified several hundred haploinsufficient (HI) genes. We have compiled a map of 1,079 haplosufficient (HS) genes by systematic identification of genes unambiguously and repeatedly compromised by copy number variation amon...

The mosses and flowering plants diverged >400 million years ago. The mosses have haploid-dominant life cycles, whereas the flowering plants are diploid-dominant. The common ancestors of land plants have been inferred to be haploid-dominant, suggesting that genes used in the diploid body of flowering plants were recruited from the genes used in the haploid body of the ancestors during the evolut...

Cells in the neurectoderm of Drosophila face a choice between neural and epidermal fates. On the notum of the adult fly, neural cells differentiate sensory bristles in a precise pattern. Evidence has accumulated that the bristle pattern arises from the spatial distribution of small groups of cells, proneural clusters, from each of which a single bristle will result. One class of genes, which in...