Decarbonising heat in the UK by 2050 will require wider adoption of low-temperature heat. Current systems, largely relying on gas boilers, have design operating temperatures 82/71 °C (supply/return) while new standards for 4th Generation District Heating are 55/25 °C. Local authorities must set-up strategies to get their buildings “Heat network ready” but this raises question ability existing u...

In December 2019, the European Commission officially presented The Green Deal, a new EU economic development program aimed at achieving climate neutrality on continent by 2050. Many previous global, European, and national programs also aim to reduce emissions of pollutants into atmosphere. this context, one ways is alternative energy sources (in particular wider use biofuel boilers) increasing ...

Geothermal district heating could play an important role towards climate change mitigation, but its slow uptake implies that it is cost competitive only under specific sets of conditions, including drilling success and design the heating. Even in cases when geothermal may be less than other alternatives, expenditure occurs during development brings indirect economic impact also benefit domestic...