The current live-orthopoxvirus vaccine is associated with minor to serious adverse affects, and is contraindicated for use in a significant portion of the population. As an alternative vaccine, we have previously shown that a DNA subunit vaccine (4pox) based on four orthopoxvirus immunogens (L1R, B5R, A27L and A33R) can produce protective immunity against lethal orthopoxvirus challenges in mice...

Biotechnology has been used extensively in the development of vaccines for aquaculture. Modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and microarray analysis have facilitated antigen discovery, construction of novel candidate vaccines, and assessments of vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and host response. This review focuses on DNA vaccines for finfish to illustrate...

Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of swine polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis, is one of the most important bacterial diseases of pigs worldwide. The development of a vaccine against H. parasuis has been impeded due to the lack of induction of reliable cross-serotype protection. In this study the gapA gene that encodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was shown...

Rotavirus recombinant vaccine is usually produced in Vero cells. Residual host DNA may reside the final product and considered a source of contamination. WHO protocols indicate that biological products should be free any type impurity such as nucleic acids, endotoxins, cell intermediate materials. Therefore, all therapeutics assessed for residual DNA. In present study, sensitive specific real-t...

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that DNA vaccines can induce protective immunity, which demonstrated the high potential of DNA vaccines as an alternative to inactivated vaccines. Vaccines are frequently formulated with adjuvants to improve their release, delivery and presentation to the host immune system. METHODS The H5 gene of H5N1 virus (A/Ck/Malaysia/5858/04) was cloned separately into pcDN...

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public-health concern in China. Praziquantel-based chemotherapy effectively reduces both infections and intensity; however, it can not prevent re-infection. Furthermore, there is an increasing concern about praziquantel resistance following long-term repeated use of the drug in endemic areas. Therefore, development of a schistosomiasis vaccine...

The optimization of immune responses (IR) induced by HIV DNA vaccines in humans is one of the great challenges in the development of an effective vaccine against AIDS. Ideally, this vaccine should be delivered in a single dose to immunize humans. We recently demonstrated that the immunization of mice with a single dose of a DNA vaccine derived from pathogenic SHIV(KU2) (Delta4SHIV(KU2)) induced...

Sir, Renalase is a monoamine oxidase mainly synthesized in the kidney that could reduce blood pressure and regulate cardiovascular functions by directly degrading catecholamine [1]. In order to prepare the antibody, we constructed a eukaryotic expression vector of human renalase and inoculated mice with it as a DNA vaccine. After cleavage by restriction of endonuclease NotI or BglII polymerase ...

We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine expressing codon-optimized envelope glycoprotein genes of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) when delivered by intramuscular electroporation. Mice vaccinated with the DNA vaccine developed robust VEEV-neutralizing antibody responses that were comparable to those observed after administration of the live-attenuated...

The potency of naked DNA vaccines is limited by their inability to amplify and spread in vivo. VP22, a HSV-1 protein, has demonstrated the remarkable property of intercellular transport and may thus provide a unique approach for enhancing vaccine potency. Therefore, we created a novel fusion of VP22 with a model Ag, human papillomavirus type 16 E7, in a DNA vaccine that generated enhanced sprea...