the spontaneous generation of inertia–gravity waves (igws) in the idealized simulation of vortical flows is investigated using the isentropic two-layer model on a sphere. the contour-advective semi-lagrangian (casl) algorithm is applied to solve the primitive equations using the potential vorticity (pv), velocity divergence, and acceleration divergence as the prognostic variables. the casl algo...

Genomewide analyses of distances between orthologous gene pairs from the ascidian species Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi were compared with those of vertebrates. Combining this data with a detailed and careful use of vertebrate fossil records, we estimated the time of divergence between the two ascidians nearly 180 My. This estimation was obtained after correcting for the different subst...

Aim Coalescent models enable the direct estimation of parameters with clear biological relevance (i.e. divergence time, migration rate and rate of expansion), but they have typically been applied to phylogeographical research without a priori assessment of their fit to the empirical system. Here we explore the extent to which phylogeographical inference can be misled by evaluating the fit of se...

An algorithm that shows how ray divergence in multi-view stereo scene reconstruction can be used towards improving bundle adjustment weighting and conditioning is presented. Starting with a set of feature tracks, ray divergence when attempting to compute scene structure for each track is first obtained. Assuming accurate feature matching, ray divergence reveals mainly camera parameter estimatio...

Quantifying the difference between two distributions is a common problem in many machine learning and data mining tasks. What is also common in many tasks is that we only have empirical data. That is, we do not know the true distributions nor their form, and hence, before we can measure their divergence we first need to assume a distribution or perform estimation. For exploratory purposes this ...

In this paper, it is first pointed out that, when a typical iterative learning control(ILC) algorithm is applied to a class of dynamic systems with time-delay, erratic estimation of delay time may cause the control input to diverge. In order to resolve such a limitation of the conventional ILC algorithms due to uncertainty of the delay time, a new ILC algorithm with input saturation is proposed...

Introduction The study of tree rings is one of the most widely used methods of climate reconstruction for centuries and millennia, but the occurrence of climatic anomalies such as global warming in recent decades has caused divergence problem in the series of tree rings in some areas. Which challenges the ability of this proxy to regenerate the climate. The “divergence problem” is the differen...

Motivated by Chernoff’s bound on asymptotic probability of error we propose the alpha-divergence measure and a surrogate, the alpha-Jensen difference, for indexing and retrieval in image and other databases. The alpha-divergence, also known as Renyi divergence, is a generalization of the Kullback-Liebler divergence and the Hellinger/Battacharya distance between the probability density character...