Hexadecanethiol (n-C16), 2,2-dimethylhexadecane-1-thiol (DMC16), and the multidentate thiol-based ligands 2-tetradecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (C16C2), 2-methyl-2-tetradecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (C16C3), and 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)pentadecane (t-C16) were evaluated for their ability to stabilize large gold nanoparticles (>15 nm) in organic solution. Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (20-50 nm) ...

The ubiquitous glutaredoxin protein family is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and is closely related to the thioredoxins, which reduce their substrates using a dithiol mechanism as part of the cellular defense against oxidative stress. Recently identified monothiol glutaredoxins, which must use a different functional mechanism, appear to be essential in both Escherichia coli and yea...

A series of new hybrids of aspirin (ASA), bearing both nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-releasing moieties were synthesized and designated as NOSH compounds (1-4). NOSH-1 (4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5-yl) phenyl 2-((4-(nitrooxy)-butanoyl)oxy) benzoate); NOSH-2 (4-(nitrooxy)butyl (2-((4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5-yl)phenoxy)carbonyl)phenyl)); NOSH-3 (4-carbamothioylphenyl 2-((4-(ni...

The zinc-dependent gelatinases belong to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that have been shown to play a key role in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing extracellular matrix (ECM) components under physiological conditions. Specific and selective inhibitors aimed at blocking their activity are highly sought for use as potential thera...

Phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a trivalent arsenical, has been shown to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, implicating vicinal dithiols in signal transmission [Frost & Lane (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2646-2652]. To assist in the direct identification of a PAO-binding protein which might be involved in this process, we have synthesized [3H]acetylaminophenylarsine oxide...

Coupling factor B activity was measured by the stimulation of the ATP-driven NAD+ reduction by succinate or the 32Pi-ATP exchange activity of Factor B-depleted submitochondrial particles. Half-maximal coupling activity was inhibited by 30 microM cadmium, 5 microM phenylarsine oxide, or 0.3 mM arsenite-2,3-dimercaptopropanol. The inhibition was relieved by slight excess of dithiol but not by a 1...

Dithiothreitol (Dm) activation of the adhesive function of several different integrins suggests the existence of a common DlT-sensitive integrin regulatory element. Uill/E3, a natural killer (NK) cell-resistant murine target cell line genetically engineered to constitutively express human intercellular adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-1; CD%) was used in a flow cytometric experimental model to evaluat...

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) protected by poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ) of different molecular weights (Mw = 5, 50, 200 and 500 kDa) were synthesised characterised dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, zeta potential measurement transmission electron microscopy. It was established that the use POZ with 50 kDa resulted in formation GNPs low polydispersity while greater led to ...