The investment and operating costs of pumping stations in drinking water distribution networks are some the highest public urban sectors. Generally, these systems designed based on extreme scenarios. However, periods normal operation, extra energy is produced, thereby generating excess costs. To avoid this problem, work presents a new methodology for design stations. proposed technique use setp...

We consider a production system containing a set of machines which are arranged according to a series-parallel configuration. The machines are unreliable and the failure rate of machine depends on the load assigned to the machine. The expected performance of the system is considered to be a non-monotonic function of its load. The issue of machine failure rate depending upon machine load brings ...

Distribution is an important activity that companies need to pay attention to. Improper planning for distribution activities can potentially waste both cost and time. Determining the shortest route could help effectively reduce costs. This research was conducted on a small medium enterprise (SME) located in Rangkasbitung, Indonesia sells various types of bread. carried out by Jaya Roti were fou...

background considerable development of mri technology in diagnostic imaging, high cost of mri technology and controversial issues concerning official charges (tariffs) have been the main motivations to define and implement this study. objectives the present study aimed to calculate the unit-cost of mri services using activity-based costing (abc) as a modern cost accounting system and to fairly ...