Strategic planning of information systems is vital in the business environment and this is still an open issue in the management information systems research. Through planning, organisations develop effective long-term use of information systems and subsequently ensuring the support of organisational objectives. This chapter develops a contingency model for measuring the success of strategic in...

A unified approach to power system security assessment and contingency analysis suitable for on-line applications is proposed. The severity of the contingency is measured by two scalar Performance Indices (PIs): Voltage-reactive power performance index, PIVQ and line MVA performance index, PIMVA. In this paper, a two stage cascade neural network is developed: Stage I employs Multi-Layer Percept...

The experience of causation is a pervasive product of the human mind. Moreover, the experience of causing an event alters subjective time: actions are perceived as temporally shifted towards their effects [Haggard, P., Clark, S., & Kalogeras, J. (2002). Voluntary action and conscious awareness. Nature Neuroscience, 5(4), 382-385]. This temporal shift depends partly on advance prediction of the ...

A binary contingency table is an m×n array of binary entries with row sums r = (r1, . . . , rm) and column sums c = (c1, . . . , cn). The configuration model generates a contingency table by considering ri tokens of type 1 for each row i and cj tokens of type 2 for each column j, and then taking a uniformly random pairing between type-1 and type-2 tokens. We give a necessary and sufficient cond...

This paper demonstrates that quality-contingent pricing is a useful mechanism for mitigating the negative effects of quality uncertainty in e-commerce and information technology services. Under contingency pricing of an information good or service, the firm pre-announces a rebate for poor performance. Consumers determine performance probabilities using publicly available historical performance ...

Contingency awareness is the recognition that some aspects of a future observation are under an agent’s control while others are solely determined by the environment. This paper explores the idea of contingency awareness in reinforcement learning using the platform of Atari 2600 games. We introduce a technique for accurately identifying contingent regions and describe how to exploit this knowle...

An experiment is described that tested the moderating influence of contingency awareness on evaluative conditioning. After participants were conditioned within the picture-picture paradigm, contingency awareness was assessed by means of a recognition test (i.e., the 4-picture recognition test). Results indicate an inverse relationship between the conditioned affective reaction and contingency a...

Low levels of academic engagement may impede students' acquisition of skills. Intervening on student behavior using group contingencies may be a feasible way to increase academic engagement during group instruction. The current study examined the effect of a randomized dependent group contingency on levels of academic engagement for second-grade participants receiving small-group reading and wr...

The effects of earning and losing tokens on the disruptive behavior of 12 first-grade students were evaluated under symmetrical contingencies of earn and loss. Both contingencies produced decreases in disruptive behavior. For some participants, more consistent decreases were observed during the loss contingency. In addition, participants generally earned or kept more tokens during the loss cont...

The display of the data by means of contingency tables is used in different approaches to statistical inference, for example, to broach the test of homogeneity of independent multinomial distributions. We develop a Bayesian procedure to test simple null hypotheses versus bilateral alternatives in contingency tables. Given independent samples of two binomial distributions and taking a mixed prio...