Objective: Application of distraction is an alternative to bone graft or flap operations for repairing bone defects. Bone can be extended in width and length without using a new donor area. Operation time is shortened and failures are reduced without any concern about graft or flap loss. However, there are no distraction methods known for generating new cartilage as an alternative to graft or f...

The Lisfranc fracture-dislocation of the foot is uncommon and diagnosis is often missed. The Lisfranc joint involves the articulation between medial cuneiform and base of the second metatarsal and is considered a keystone to structural integrity to the midfoot. The articulation has a stabilization effect on longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot. A neglected or untreated injury to the L...

Medical education, by necessity, frequently emphasizes the resuscitation and relief of life-threatening conditions in the severely injured patient. The increased use of seat-belt retraints has meant that high speed automobile collisions may not necessarily result in major external injury if the occupants are well supported (Dudley, 1986). In such instances, trauma may be sustained as a result o...

Hip distraction is necessary for safe arthroscopic entry into the hip joint. Achieving sufficient distraction is difficult in exceedingly tall patients (>190.5 cm) because of size limitations of currently available hip distraction systems. Inadequate distraction can delay the surgical procedure and potentially lead to complications. By repurposing a foam head-positioning block, we report a safe...

Thoracolumbar fractures are an important topic in spinal surgery. In this article, the instability of the thoracolumbar fracture classifications and surgical treatments are discussed, with a particular focus on treatment concepts that are based on the modern classification systems. Introduction Thoracolumbar junction has unique anatomical and biomechanical features because of this region is a t...

Distraction osteogenesis, currently a standard method of bone lengthening, is based upon the "tension-stress principle", as proposed by G.A. Ilizarov. Mechanical stimulation by distraction induces biological responses of skeletal regeneration that is accomplished by a cascade of biologic processes including differentiation of pluripotential tissue, angiogenesis, mineralization, and remodeling. ...

Distraction has been shown to be an effective technique for managing pain in children; however, few investigations have examined the utility of this technique with infants. The goal of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of movie distraction in reducing infants' immunization distress. Participants were 136 infants (range=1-21 months; M=7.6 months, SD=5.0 months) and their par...

Odontoid type I fracture is an avulsion fracture of the odontoid tip resulting from forceful distraction of the alar ligament and has been reported only in a few rare occasions. We have recently encountered an odontoid type I fracture complicated with atlantoaxial dislocation in an 18-year-old male motorcycle rider sustaining neck injury in a crash. An accurate diagnosis was achieved with axial...