the hastening increase in the population of the cities ,lack of urban infrastructures ,shifting the land use and the consequent vanish of ecologically valuable lands in the countries ,industrial pollutions ,illegal settlement in the suburbs and other human activities which have influenced the growth of cities in iran too ,make it necessary to study and analyze the growth of rasht(the capital of...

Vector control, including the use of bed nets, is recommended as a possible strategy for eliminating lymphatic filariasis (LF) in post-conflict countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study examined the geographical factors that influence bed net ownership in DRC in order to identify hard-to-reach communities that need to be better targeted. In particular, urban/rural dif...

We proposed a new search heuristic using the scuba diving metaphor. This approach is based on the concept of evolvability and tends to exploit neutrality which exists in many real-world problems. Despite the fact that natural evolution does not directly select for evolvability, the basic idea behind the scuba search heuristic is to explicitly push evolvability to increase. A comparative study o...

16 In order to understand the dynamic of the (sub)urbanisation and so, to quantify the anthropogenic 17 effects of the rapid growth of tropical cities, it is crucial to find and apply valuable methods. In this 18 contribution, the transferability of the Rüdisser et al. (2012) «Distance to Nature» hemeroby 19 assessment method to the landscape surrounding the city of Lubumbashi (DRC) is evaluate...

The strongest convention in contemporary geographic thought is the notion that geographic space is rooted in a Euclidean geometry that defines the physical world. Although geographers have long sought to escape this paradigm through a rich array of perceptions based on ways in which we might imagine space, physical distance or its economic surrogates still provide the basic logic used by geogra...

In the single objective period traveling salesman problem (SOPTSP), each of given n cities has to be visited by the traveling salesman a fixed number of times according to some allowable day combinations over a given m day planning period with the objective to minimize the total traveling distance over the whole period. The existing solution methods for the SOPTSP always generate a set of unbal...

Existing evidence shows that more abstract mental representations are formed and more abstract language is used to characterize phenomena that are more distant from the self. Yet the precise form of the functional relationship between distance and linguistic abstractness is unknown. In four studies, we tested whether more abstract language is used in textual references to more geographically di...

This paper presents the concept of personalized routing scheme with failover management in the transmission path of data which is very much required for successful transmission and reception of data traveling on the routes at a faster rate in smart cities. The basic requirement of internet of thing concept is to increase efficiency to design efficient routing algorithm for smart cities. The pro...