F several centuries, the world, and particularly Europe has benefited from the great contributions brought about by Muslim physicians in the field of medicine. These contributions were not only based on technical skills but also on the role of eminent Muslim physicians in establishing medical ethics. Many prominent physicians of the Islamic civilization involved themselves with professional eth...

one of discussions about bill of exchange is whether its consideration (provision fr.) , that is the money which is or will be payable in a due date, is transferred to its holder. acceptance or rejection of the transfer of consideration has many important consequences. there are various theories about the question among iranian as well as other lawyers. due to the similarities between the comme...

This study is aimed at examining the long run and short run relationships between both Islamic and conventional financial development with the economic growth in the Bahrain dual financial system. Using quarterly data (2000:1-2010:4) retrieved from Monthly Statistical Bulletin of Central bank of Bahrain (CBB) and International Financial Statistics (IFS) of International Monetary Funds (IMF), th...

The issue of citizen became the hot news on sosial meda country in Indonesian. On February 1 2020, National Counter terrorism Agency exchanged international intelligence information with countries Middle East and got around 600 Indonesian citizens who were former combatants Islamic State Iraq Syria (ISIS). This polemic has become a topic discussion among government people Indonesia about fate (...

Classical Islamic law recognizes only natural persons; it does not grant standing to imagined, juristic persons. This article identifies self-reinforcing processes that kept Islamic law from developing a concept of legal personhood indigenously. Community building being central to Islam’s mission, the early promoters of Islam had no use for a concept liable to facilitate factionalism. In subseq...

Islamic building codes require mosques to face Mecca. The further Islam spreads, the more apt are believers to fall into a quandary. X faces Y only when the front of X is closer to Y than any other side of X. So the front of the mosque should be oriented along a shortest path to Mecca. Which way is that? Does the path to Mecca tunnel through the earth? Or does the path follow the surface of the...

International courts have proliferated in the international system in the past century, with one hundred judicial or quasi-judicial bodies currently in existence. While the supply of international courts has increased substantially, state level support for international courts varies across states, across courts, and over time. This paper focuses on the cross-sectional and temporal variation in...

political power is considered as one of the most fundamental public law vocabulary, as far as the separation of political power and public law seems impossible. meanwhile it seems that this concept as the fundamental concept of public law; varies in islamic and liberal thought and there is a serious conflict between them. analysis of this claim requires a proper understanding of the concept of ...

after victory and dominance, the public legendary and ideological atmosphere of discussion, turns to competition and realism. on the discussion of islamic republic, the appearance of the competing sub discussion due to imam khomeini's charismatic character and the eight-year imposed war occurred with delay. in the later oncoming years, some sub discussions appeared each emphasizing of its ...