In this paper we address the issue of recognizing Farsi handwritten words. Two types of gradient features are extracted from a sliding vertical stripe which sweeps across a word image. These are directional and intensity gradient features. The feature vector extracted from each stripe is then coded using the Self Organizing Map (SOM). In this method each word is modeled using the discrete Hidde...

This study aims to analyze the optimal settings of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) for protection an alternating current (AC) microgrid in both islanded and grid-connected operation modes. In this context, two different types objective functions are used comparing total operating time all primary DOCRs. The obtained either mode due variable magnitude fault currents. proposed coordination...

In this paper, based on a partial order, we study the characterizations of directional derivatives and the subdifferential of fuzzy function. At the same time, we also discuss the relation between the directional derivative and the subdifferential.

This paper describes the use of a system of semantic rules to generate noun compounds, vague or polyse-mous words, and cases of metonymy. The rules are bi-directional and are used by the understanding system to interpret the same constructions.

A remarkable example of a nonempty closed convex set in the Euclidean plane for which the directional derivative of the metric projection mapping fails to exist was constructed by A. Shapiro. In this paper, we revisit and modify that construction to obtain a convex set with C boundary which possesses the same property.

Existing representations for multiattribute ceteris paribus preference statements have provided useful treatments and clear semantics for qualitative comparisons, but have not provided similarly clear representations or semantics for comparisons involving quantitative tradeoffs. We use directional derivatives and other concepts from elementary differential geometry to interpret conditional mult...

This paper analyzes the performance of directional collision avoidance schemes, in which antenna systems are used to direct the transmission and reception of control and data packets in channel access protocols based on fourway collision avoidance handshake. We present an analytical model that considers both directional reception and the possible difference in gain between omnidirectional and d...

objectives: conducting field tests of a vibrotactile aid for deaf/deafblind persons for detection, identification and directional perception of environmental sounds. methods: five deaf (3f/2m, 22–36 years) individuals tested the aid separately in a home environment (kitchen) and in a traffic environment. their eyes were blindfolded and they wore a headband and holding a vibrator for sound ident...

A new method for feature extraction and recognition, namely the fuzzy bidirectional weighted sum criterion (FBWSC) is proposed in this paper. FBWSC defines the row directional fuzzy image optimal image projection matrix. Subsequently, each sample in the original training sample set is transformed using the row directional optimal image projection matrix, and the row directional feature training...